Description case in the healthcare system Essay

Description case in the healthcare system - Essay ExampleThe pains did non stop if anything they were becoming worse by the minute and I had no one coming to check on me as promised. Judging by the wall clock in my white-walled room, it had been over both hours since my admission and not a single person had come by to check my vitals despite it being at night and hence not many patients were being attended to. The sight of the pure white walls was sickening and I could not allow the thought of how de pressure sensation they were away. With every pain in my stomach, groin and I guess the whole remains I shuddered and let out a scream full of agony to signify my current state. I could not take it anymore, I had to press that bell and call for help. Twenty minutes after pressing the so-called emergency bell, a tall burly-looking like suckle appeared on my door half dull and I could tell by her facial expression that she was not happy to be woken up by a screaming pregnant lady or even a truly dying patient. That was to be proved a few seconds later when she said what is it that you want? I was in too some(prenominal) pain to think about it then (but thinking about it now, that was a rude remark).I explained to her my predicaments and the promise of the set up being there soon to check on me but had seen no one for over two hours and the pain was getting worse by the minute. She just looked at me with this unbelievable expression in her look and just left without uttering a single word. So I decided to wait for that conversation with the mean-looking nurse got me no one.

Literature and theory report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Literature and theory report - Essay eccentricmong economists with one school of thought arguing that the government economic consumption is a problem to the prudence charm the other thinking is that it is a solution to economic betterment. Further notes that European Union has not adopt strict approach of fiscal obligation, taxation reduction and economic freedom.2Furth is concerned with data on deficits, expenditure, taxation and growth in relation to the fiscal policy stand of thirty-seven European countries. His research revealed that morphological deficits would predict stimulus followed by reduction on deficit, and he documented a variability of fiscal policies that many economies consider pursued in paradox to a number of prevalent generalizations of European austerity.3 He notes that increasing taxes would be far more than harmful than expenditure cuts,4 and the effect of tax increment mother a huge difference, and they cannot be together labelled as austerity as th ey would conceal more than at that place is in the revelation of fiscal policy.5Furth research has shown the relationship that exists between increased government expenditure and economic progress. Other economists had focused on government debt and its effect to the economy. It had been noted that government debt hurt the economy by burdening not only the current generation but also the future generation.6 Due to high up debt the current generation is forced to pay for the interest of the loan advanced to the country for which benefit bequeath be consumed by future generation. Moreover, the future generation will carry on the burden and steal of their predecessors because the rate of interest will be much higher that the benefit of which it was taken. Furths research presents some other angle to fiscal policy approach that the government can utilize without resulting to changing the taxation system. It reveals that there has been a considerate role of the government inability to set up good fiscal policies. Governments have concerned themselves in increasing taxes in

Improving the Use of Medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Improving the Use of Medicine - Essay ExampleThe publication about this driving was original reported in the Health Department report titled Building a Safer NHS for patient ofs Improving medicine safety (National Patient precaution Agency, 2004). Afterwards in 2006 the Health department of UK reviewed the patient safety- jump policies. This was after they launched the first movement towards creating awareness and emphasizing on patient safety. However, this process was not an easy journey as the department experienced several challenges on the way while trying to deliver and implement this awareness. Consequently, the import of the first movement is what led to the recommendation to come up with a campaign for Englands NHS (National Patient Safety Agency, 2011). A campaign was, therefore, devised that would support and promote the implementation of interventions. The interventions were to develop the welfare of patient like and consecutively contribute towards strategizing an d providing Patient Safety First orifice (National Patient Safety Agency, 2009a). In 2007, a team known as the Safe Medication Practice at The National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) produced a report on a campaign that seeks to improve the use of medications in the NHS. The campaign dubbed Safety in Doses seeks wrote a report that entailed detailed information on usage and incidents of medication. The report seeks to recrudesce medical field, and those related to the medical field on important facts about medication incidents from various departments and depict these incidents can be avoided. This paper will look at the main aims of the campaign and its effect on the distribution of patient care by NHS.AIMThe main aim of Safety in Doses initiative was to identify the weaknesses that arise in current medication practice. In the process, there is need to come up with ways in which healthcare staff and organizations

New House Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

New House Decision - Essay ExampleThis paper ordain assess the consequences brought about by economics on every major determination we made. Furthermore, this give render the important things to be considered in subvert a fireside with a purpose of helping anyone who is in the quest of deciding to purchase one. Economic Principles The first thing to be accounted for is the probability cost. McConnell & Brue (2005) defined opportunity cost simply as the value of the forgone opportunity to obtain something else when coming up to a decision. probability cost include the possible gains from investing the give tongue to(prenominal) amount of property in a short letter or stock market instead of using it to pay for the down payment (Derrick, 2009). To obtain a house would mean foregoing the chance of earning interest from a possible investment using the same money. It would also mean foregoing the opportunity of going to a postgraduate program or a doctorate one. There were ac tually several things one forgoes in deciding to buy a radical house. Another thing to consider is the callingoffs, from which opportunity cost arises. According to McConnell & Brue (2005), trade off is when you give up one thing to attain more of something else. It is more likely the same with the opportunity cost. The difference is that trade off is the decision itself while opportunity cost concerns the value of the thing given up. In decision making, most of the time, one has to choose an option rationally. In the case, one either has to choose between buying a house or not. If one will opt to purchase a house, his ability to buy another good declines. For example, if one chooses to get the house located near to his or her office, a subdivision of the savings will be lost which could intently be used in buying clothes. So, she will buy fewer clothes, or worse, she will not buy anymore since the same amount of money was used to get the house. Another example would be the same amount used to buy a house could be spent in sending a child to a prestigious school. To others, buying a house would mean sacrificing the education of their children. To arrive at a decision, one has to consider the benefits everyplace the costs. Since buying a house is a life-changing decision, one must think of it carefully. Purchasing a house offers the soon-to-be homeowner long-term financial-related benefits like tax savings. Some people even agreed that its the scoop up investment to make. Quealy & Tse (2010) said that property taxes, the interest part of the mortgage payment, and in some cases, a percentage of the common charges, are tax deductible. Basically, homeowners hindquarters deduct mortgage interest, points or the charges by the mortgage lender, comeliness add interest of up to $100, 000, home improvement loan interest, mortgage tax credit, and real terra firma tax or often called as property taxes. Mortgage interest deduction smoke be the largest among all other deductibles since one can deduct up to $1 million. When one takes a loan for major house improvement, he or she can deduct the interest payment without any limit, provided that the said improvement adds value to the house. To sum it all, it will be a huge tax savings. However, these tax deductibles can only be claimed if deductions are itemized rather than standard deduction. Another incentive a homeowner can get is that the values of real estates, over the years, have appreciated. Along with this is the fact that the value of the house appreciates. The costs to be incurred in purchasing,

TMA 04 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

TMA 04 - Essay ExampleThis provides a visual reinforcement of her miserable engage which in Ovid is done through the account of her tears and words. In Titians painting, Andromedas royal parents are left out entirely. The dialogue that takes place between Perseus and Andromedas parents, wherein he extracts the counter of their daughters hand in marriage from them before attempting to save her, is an important point of crease especially in the present literary milieu which encourages such gendered readings of myth. This possible source of feminist argument is done away with entirely in Titians work. Ovids account of Perseus slaying the monster is an surprisingly descriptive, rapid piece of compose. Almost like cinematic action, Ovids account unfolds the event in careful descriptions. This wonderful tactile and immediate quality of Ovids typography is transformed in Titian into the unrealistic, expressive postures of the characters painted. Titians Perseus is depicted almost en tirely upside down and his face is enraged, alive. The monster too looks poised, tightly coil as if in fear and with a similar, intense look on its face. The effect of the colourful textual description is adapted and encapsulated into the painting by way of intense expressions, visual contrasts and exaggerated body postures. still Andromedas physique in the painting looks square-built and strong, even though feminine foreign the to a greater extent helpless Andromeda in Ovid. Titians painting allows a reader of Ovids mythological story of Perseus and Andromeda to visualise the most intensely alive moment of the narrative. The action-packed description in verse is aided by the vivid colours and extravagant detail in Titian. The foregrounding of Andromeda, her voluptuous and robust physique, and the absence of the mourning parents serve to create an alternative version of Andromeda. Andromeda is given a more liberated and central position in Titian as opposed to the meek Andromed a, helpless and largely without assurance that we see in Ovid. To compare it with another famous painting of Perseus and Andromeda, one by Peter capital of Minnesota Rubens, it is interesting to note the differences. Rubens selects a different moment in the myth to represent. The moment shown here is afterward Perseus has slain the monster and depicts his victorious conquest of both monster and Andromeda. The picture is busy and crowded with humble characters. There is the head of the monster in Perseuss hand there are cherubs and angels and even a flying horse in the picture. Rubens, having studied Titian, must have been aware of his version of the painting and until now chooses a much more tranquil moment to paint. 497 Words Part II In what ways does Ovid hedge myth in order to highlight his theme of metamorphosis? Do you consider that this technique stinker lessen the myths impact and coherence at times? Answer with reference to detail mythic narrative in Metamorphoses. Ans wer In Metamorphoses, in a bid to highlight his elect theme of metamorphosis, Ovid uses myth to substantiate his claims. Sometimes this is done at the cost of authenticity of myth of course, authenticity of myth is in itself a rather problematic issue. Unlike in Amores, where Ovid claims to have been misled by Cupid into writing about love, in Metamorphoses Ovid invokes the gods to make him able to write about the history of transformation in the humanness In noua fert animus mutatas dicere formas corpora di coeptis (nam

The Sensory Nervous System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The sensory Nervous System - Essay ExampleThe basic unit of the entire nervous system is the neuron. The neurons themselves fox three parts 1) the dendrite-which receive message impulses from other cells and transmits it to the cell body 2) the cell body 3) the axon-which transmits messages forward from the cell body. There argon three types of neurons namely sensory or afferent neurons, motor or efferent neurons and intermediate neurons. The sensory neurons ar responsible for the transmittal of messages from the various sensory receptors or electronic organs in the human body, which receive the external stimulus, to the central nervous system. The intermediate or relay neurons are present only in the CNS. The motor neurons transmit the message impulses from the CNS to the corresponding effector organ which might be a muscle or a gland which responds to the received impulse. The plasma membrane of the neuron has an unequal distribution of electrical charges between its interi or and the outer surfaces, i.e., positive on the inner membrane and negative on the outer membrane. When a message impulse is to be transmitted the polarities check temporarily resulting in what is known as an action potential. This action potential which begins in one disgrace spreads to the adjacent membranes thereby transmitting the message across a neuron. While the action potential allows transmission within a neuron neurotransmitters allow the transmission of messages between different neurons through the synaptic cleft. The synapse is the berth between two nerve cells. (Farabee, 1992).Depending on the type of external stimuli, various parts of the brain are targeted through various pathways through the spinal cord. For example the somatosensory system has three modalities. One point modality being the discriminatory touch enables the human body to perceive shapes and sizes by touch alone. In this system sensory inputs are provided

Recomendation Report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Recomendation Report - Research Paper ExampleEmployee perturbation is high, while customer satisfaction is low. Professional duties comprise answering customer questions or so services and workable complications regarding the use or repair of products. The quality of services is low, as noted by the customer complaints about unprofessional conduct and low quality assistance to their requests. Employees lack proper homework in inter-human communications, computer use, and are insecure and inexperienced. So far, all new employees obtain only three days of training prior to their activation, and this training is based on mentorship. The knowledge gained through mentorship is limited to observations only, as the older employee must, in the meantime, assist customers as considerably. Combined with the lack of proper training and no opportunity for career development, employees submit the participation. As a result, ecesisal development and training programs at the call centre will be addressed in this report. Job analysis and design represent the first step. The formers use is to improve organizational execution and productivity (Cook, 2007, Sl.7). Job analysis determines duties and skill requirements of a melodic phrase, and the kind of somebody who should be hired for it (Dessler, 2002, p.60). Three components collect to be analyzed. First, evaluate the organizational structure in prescribe to determine the organization wide division of work, interrelationship of different positions and how the examined position fits in the overall organization (Dessler, 2002, p.62). This is where objectives are identified and refined (Cook, 2007, Sl.31). Supervisors should define long and short term goals of their departments to increase employee awareness of the orders success. The second part is analysis of activities performed in a particular job (Dessler, 2002, p.62). Supervisors are consulted to depone the job analysis information obtained (Dessler, 2002, p.62 ). The third part is training of employees, which aims at enhancing organization efficiency and job satisfaction by the employees (Clark, 2007, Sl.30). This part educates employees as per their particular position, standards, as well as provides them with tools to execute their duties harmonise to satisfactory standards. Job Training Techniques Training will be directed toward the skills customer service representatives need in order to satisfy their customers, and also feel satisfied with their own proceeding. Psychological, as well as technological aspects will be addressed, such as correspondence on the phone and basics of Microsoft Office, as well as how to coordinate with the supervisor, mentor (mentee) and tech support (Everest Continuing Education, 2011 2012). More specifically, human performance technology will be used (Manu, 2004, p.12). This model aims to increase productivity and compliance with company goals (Manu, 2004, p.12). Causes of performance gaps have been ide ntified. Thus, based on the objectives of the company, training guides will be designed and implemented (Manu, 2004, p.13). Performance objectives of the company and specific jobs are reflected upon job description and specification. These aspects will be clarified and taught to new, as well as older personnel. The training program will include services, measurement, and feedback requirements to the supervisor and human resources (HR) old as well as new tools and equipment new services and

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PORE PRESSURE PREDICTION USING PORE PRESSURE Thesis

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF focus on PRESSURE PREDICTION USING PORE PRESSURE DATA FROM OFFSET swellS FOR FUTURE WELL PLANNING - Thesis Example2013 Francis 2013).The latest technologies will be applied in regards to methods and paradigms of the forecasting of the ruin gradient and the forecasting of the pore pressure. The most effective practices in the estimation of pore pressures from the seismic stop number information will be applied. The most effective methods which argon used in the industry with regards to the similarity of the formation pressure will be explored. A great deal of the information which is collected in the discipline of well planning is derived from the well production crews. This thesis will incorporate a data base of information in addition to the information which is derived from a survey of the well production crews in ordinance to validate the hypothesis. The well production crews are the initial source of information from which the conditions of the we lls are derived. This thesis will also incorporate a database of information which is pressure directed from a diverse number of wells with different characteristics. These wells are found in deep water, offshore, swamp area and the Niger Delta environment. The data which is collected from the oil well production crews will be applied in order to ascertain the best practices for effective well drilling and maintenance.Well planning is the most substantial ramification of the drilling engineering process. Well planning has the requisite of the application of engineering theories, the personal and organizational perspectives and the factors of experiential knowledge. Notwithstanding that well planning procedures may be different for different implementations within the petroleum geographic expedition and extraction industry, the final outcome must be a cost avoidant hole, which satisfies industry and government golosh requirements for the petroleum extraction engineers requisite s for oil and gas extraction processes (Eren 2010).2.

Children's Literature Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Childrens Literature Critique - Essay ExampleIn the first leave-taking of the book, the story revolves around Pacman- tone solidification, searching for the lost pizza-like world which completes its being. There is no property whether Pacman-looking go around is a male or female. Pacman-looking circle looks for the missing pizza-like slicing everywhere, asking people it meets along the way if they have seen the missing piece or if they can give directions leading to where the missing piece is. It looks everyone and does not give up with the search since it has high hopes that it was going to find the missing piece. In his search, it sings a melancholic song which it hums to show how sad it was for not finding its missing piece. The song, Oh, I am looking for my missing piece I am looking for my missing piece (Silverstein, 1976) pull aheads readers feel the pain the Pacman-looking circle has. Pacman-looking circle finds several pieces a long its way. It tries if they can fit in the space only to be disappointed that they cannot. Some fitThis does not discourage it since it goes on with its search with hopes that it would find the missing piece. The first part of the series comes to an end when Pacman-looking circle finally finds its missing piece. It is intriguing to note that Pacman-looking circle fits the missing piece only to realize that it cannot put up with it. ... Silverstein demonstrates that the missing piece had not come to terms with Pacman-looking circles realization that one should be happy with the way they are. It was searching for a piece to make it complete. However, upon meeting the big O, the missing piece is made to understand the fulfillment one gets by pinch one-self. The big O mentors the missing piece and makes it understand that there is no need to look for some other piece to make it complete. The content in The Missing Piece series is suitable for young children. This is because at this age, most children normally face challen ges of self-acceptance brought about by some of the imperfections they may have. For instance, an albino child may be alienated from his peers because he or she feels out of place. In as much as being an albino is not his or her wish the child should be made aware that the condition should not be a hindrance to his or her communication and interaction with others. Therefore, by reading the book, children leave behind get an understanding of how they are. Additionally, will learn to appreciate and love themselves despite the imperfections they have. The book also has basic illustrations and simple phrases that catch the anxiety of children. For instance, while describing the missing pieces movement, Silverstein (1976) asserts, the missing piece was bumping quite of flopping, and then it was bouncing instead of bumping. Such illustrations arouse the interests of young children. The front cover of the book also has the picture of the Pacman-looking circle, and it is most certain(pr enominal) that children who have a glimpse of it on bookstore shelves would request

Current events about a clinic in China infected kids with Hepatitis Essay

Current events about a clinic in China infected kids with Hepatitis - Essay ExampleThe body politic of Henan is known for such outbreaks and in the year 1990 it was hit by occupation transfusions ,which were tainted and schemes of unsanitary blood plasma-buying that accelerated the HIV infection in that province. The practitioners in that province were reported to use dirty needles around often and the individuals who sold plasma received replenishment from blood pool supply.According to the global generation paper, the Anhui province health officials gave disturbing reports concerning the outbreak in Henan which indicated that more than 56 patients had been infected with the outbreak disease(hepatitis C) from the head-to-head clinic. An investigation by the CDC(Centre For Disease Control) indicate that the infection acquired by patients at the Miaoqian private Clinic was caused by the doctors reusing needles to demo shots to different patients. The astonishing beat of the stor y is that all the victims of the outbreak are from Anhui because the province borders Henan and the clinic is strategically located for the service of both the two provinces.Another report showed that investigators from the health sectors were surveying 16 other local villages to ascertain whether a larger number of people more than the reported had been infected. The Patients of the outbreak were undergoing treatment at the hospital called Guoyang Peoples. However, the information that was not reported was if the Miaoqian private Clinic was still operational or had already been unopen down. No number of arrests had been reported to be made either. (Associated Press, 2011)The Chinese government is promoting the small-scale private clinics and hospitals as part or contributor of a health care overhaul, which is aimed at making the healthcare serve available, and accessible to more population and reduce the pressure on the badly overcrowded government or human beings hospitals.Th e fact that the china population has

Save the world proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Save the world proposal - Essay exercisingIn this proposal, the threats facing this animal leave behind be looked at especially the species belonging to the heavyweight star red bear cat. extinguishing results into complete eradication of an animal species from the earth surface which has a number of consequences to the ecosystem. The proposal will eventually analyze some of the possible ways of saving this species of panda from the imminent eradication and extinction (Gong & Reid 246). The giant panda belongs to the bear family and occupies large parts of china and other beas of bare-ass Zealand and Australia. It is an omnivore eating two bamboo leaves and flabby tissues sections and small animals found within its habitat. Moreover, it is one of the major addresss of tourism revenue in china and New Zealand and foreigners troop these countries to be with this friendly animal. Furthermore, it presents many opportunities for the country that makes it essential for the worl d life conservancy authorities and groups to breach mechanisms of protecting the animal (Ouyang et al 622). The giant panda is considered as one of the rare species of bear presently forthcoming that depends on bamboos and soft tissue plants to survive. Bamboo has however attracted a number of economic applications across distinguishable levels of economic activities in the world. As a result, bamboo cutting has significantly increased as wad exercising them for economic purposes or clear the land for farming activities due to increased human population. This deprives the giant panda of its main source of food, thus leaving the animal with small animals as the only alternative source of food. Additionally, the giant panda is slow to reproduce which means that the animal has minimal number of offspring during its lifetime, boost increasing its vulnerability to extinction (Entwistle & Dunstone 87). The giant panda should be saved from extinction considering the significant mani pulation it plays in reinforcing the efforts of conservation of the flora and fauna. It is considered as one of the most loved animal species not only when in china but in addition in other parts of the country. The region where the giant panda is found is considered as the heartland of Chinese which makes it essential to ensure sustainability in the region. Encouraging sustainability in this region will not only protect the giant panda from extinction but also improve the lifelines of the people around the Yangtze Basin in China. This area acts as the heartland of economic activities in china, being home to both tourist activities, subsistence fisheries and a number of economic activities essential for the growth of the country (Li et al 48). The extinction of the giant panda has a number of ecological, economical and agricultural impacts not just to china but also to the rest of the world. In the event of this extinction, China will end up losing a symbol of its theme pride and conservancy efforts. The rate of bamboo consumption in the country will increase tremendously as thither will be no concern arising from the existence of the giant panda. This will create significant ecological and agricultural implications to the areas where bamboo is widely grown (Entwistle & Dunstone 87). Despite the widespread concerns on animal and plant conservancy, the benefits achieved maybe are overshadowed by the challenges. Extinction to some scholars is created by natural forces as explained by Darwin theories in relations to the available natural resources. The continued

How does a hardware firewall work Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How does a hardware firewall work - Term wallpaper ExampleTherefore, firewall is an effective solution to deal with these issues. This paper forget present a detailed analysis, toolation, and work of the hardware firewall technology. This paper will also outline the role of firewalls in the security matters.The massive drill of the internet and the World Wide Web places networks at even larger danger of unwanted threats. In addition, many corporations dust information on the internet (using web sites), while remaining have workers who distribute information to the internet from the corporations network or download material from the internet (Norton). At the present, increasing numbers of organizations are exposing their personal networks to internet traffic therefore, the implementation of firewalls has turned out to be a basic requirement. In addition, the firewall stops illegal communication inside and outside of the network, facilitating the company to implement a security s trategy on traffic running amidst its network and the Internet (Laudon and Laudon Turban, Leidner and McLean Turban, Rainer and Potter, launch to Information Technology,3rd Edition). In addition, Firewalls can be either software or hardware. However, the best firewall arrangement will contain both (Beal). In point of fact, a firewall can divide a network into some(prenominal) domains. A general execution the firewall has the Internet as un-trusted domain a semi trusted and a semi secure network, acknowledged the demilitarized zone (DMZ), as an additional domain and an organizations computers as third domain (Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 673).Hardware firewalls are external devices that perform job of a guard between organizations network (office or home) and external networks (the internet) (Antivirus-Firewall-Spyware). According to Beal (2009), the hardware firewalls are

Microbiological effects from baby bottle misuse Research Paper

Microbiological effects from baby nursing bottle misuse - Research Paper warningMoreover, the inherent immune elements in milk offer defense against infectivity. There are oligosaccharides present in the milk that avert accessory of recipe respiratory micro-organisms like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae (Gurtler, Kornacki & Beuchat, 2005). Misuse of bottle provide is risky in the sense that the bottle forme lack the Glycosaminoglycans which is normally present in the natural teat milk that averts attachment pathogens hence minimizing the risk of transmission. It must be noted that humane milk administered with the normal breastfeeding adds up to inherent immunity. Long formula fed babies have the risk of contaminating and macrocosm infected with Giardia lamblia, H influenzae and the B streptococci, S epidermis and other micro-organisms such as the respiratory syncytial computer virus (RSV) (Gurtler, Kornacki & Beuchat, 2005). Misuse of baby bottle can als o lead to infection of the lower respiratory tract. fit to analysis of 7 group research of healthy term babies in affluent locations, it was established that babies who were give experienced a 3.6-fold higher(prenominal) risk of being hospitalized for infection of the lower respiratory tract in the initial year of their existence in comparison with babies who were wholly breastfed for a period of over 4 months. These research comprised modification for socioeconomic condition and parental smoking. Many of the infants hospitalized from respiratory infections arise from the respiratory syncytial virus. The human milk contains lipides which tend to have an antigen against RSV. Moreover, multifaceted researches also claim that bottle fed infants or hypothesize infants have a higher risk of contracting gastrointestinal pathogens and diarrhea. Similarly, 14 group studies meta-analysis established that infants who were bottle fed or formula fed were 2.8 times more in all likelihood to get infected with gastrointestinal pathogens compared to those who were totally breastfed (UNCF, 2003). Findings from PROBIT (promotion of breastfeeding intervention trial) reveal that infants who were used in the control experiment were 1.7 times more probably to get infected with gastrointestinal infection compared to those used in the intercession group. In this research 31 maternity hospitals were randomized to the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) and a set of proof-found activities accommodating of breastfeeding, against the normal care. The entire 17,046 babies in the PROBIT research were breastfed, entirely at 3 months. It was found that 6.4% of the control studies were totally breastfed in comparison with the 43.3% of the intercession babies (UNCF, 2003). According to various epidemiologic researches it is suggested that infants and children who are exclusively bottle-fed on formula products are more probably to develop a condition of obese or develop character refe rence II diabetes. Furthermore, a meta-analysis study reveals that formula feeding among the infants is also related to the 1.6 fold risk of the reference 2 diabetes in comparison to the exclusively breast-fed children. Other studies have also claimed that a higher risk of diseases related to cardiac vacuoles inclusive of the high pressure of the blood and reduced favorable lipid profile also looms for children who are formula-fed even though the literature varies (Drudy, et al., 2006). Scholars have suggested that numerous interventions to describe these

Spam Detection and Categorisation & Network Protection using a Lab Report

telecommunicate Detection and Categorisation & Network Protection using a Firewall - Lab Report ExampleSolutions atomic number 18 implemented by keeping in mind the cost and time constraints for the processing of emails to be filtered. Receiving gibibyte of emails on the email server situate load and degrading the performance of the email server.The Anti email system uses combine key method for recognizing the relevant datasets required as per defined rules. The anti spam engine detects the parameters from the email message header, database stores and learns the email parameters just like a switch maintaining a mac table in its database. The selection of Parameters bequeath depend on the security policy of the organization.The unique recognition (UID) or fingerprint will be stored in the database of the anti spam system against each liquidator role email address. Before delivering the email to the recipient, the spam engine searches for the UID of the email which is receiv ed on the organizations domain, so that the processing time can be minimized. The emails of which UID has already been stored in the database will be delivered to the recipientThe spam engine proceeds further and check the senders IP address and email address in the outbound recipients category, if the criteria have been fulfilled, then the email message will be delivered to the recipient. And if not, the email will be stored in the unknown emails category which can be released after(prenominal) checking whether any new host needs to be added in the safe list. Email size, images parameters can in like manner be defined for providing more restrictions as per IT policy.The Firewall should be deployed in such a way that the traffic, whether it is inward or outbound should not pass to the organization critical servers without filtration via firewall. The rules defined in the firewall device or server should not conflict with other rules. It is not necessary to be aware of the traffic feeler from the internet, but it is necessary to filter inbound traffic

Viewing the Globe in 2006 and 2056 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

consider the Globe in 2006 and 2056 - Essay ExampleEntertainment-wise, everything is d angiotensin-converting enzyme locally. There are scheduled local dances and events at particularly planned days. The greatest worry one possesses is the thought of growing too old and non being able to provide for my family. They all look upon me for assistance. Concepts of Globalization Globalization is defined as the serve well through which regional economies, societies and nuance have become incorporated through a global cyberspace politically through communication. This is basically the transnational circulation of ideas and language. Globalised culture is basically the integration pattern of human knowledge, whimsy and behavior associated with globalization. Such a town is known as a globalised village (Marques, 2005). Differentiating between Americanization and Globalization, Americanization is the mathematical process through which different cultures around the world learn the Americ an cultures and hence try to act analogous them introducing imperialism. Globalization does not introduce the idea of imperialism but actually brings together different cultures through one network. Some of the selected cultural norms include fine arts and humanities. Different people tried to perfect their culture by practicing fine art. Developing the art means developing a philosophical soul and is considered as one of the highest possible ideal concepts of human development.

The Effects on Cyberbullying Essay Example for Free

The Effects on Cyber boss arounding EssayStudies show that cyberbullying incidents have quadrupled in late(prenominal) five years (Ross). Cyberbullying has become a huge issue recently. E truly time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide cogitate to bullying, incident being reported. cognize is louder has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a core to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated.The growth of communication technologies is widening the way bullys nominate torture their dupes. The fact of the matter is, engineering science is not freeing eachwhere, so we need to figure out a way to put an end to cyberbullies. Cyberbullying is becoming a major difficulty and we all need to do our parts in figuring out what can be done to stop cyberbullies in their tracks. Cyberbullies will continue to be a threat to like a shots youth until we take preventi ve measures against them.Before putting a stop to cyberbullying we must earn why and how a cyberbully works. After interrogationing and analyzing informative expressions on the topic, this research paper aims to inform and answer questions such(prenominal) as what a cyberbully is, how they work, whom they tar becharm, and how to stop them. By understanding how a cyberbully works we will be commensurate to better protect youth populations as technology grows. Just rough half of U. S. learners are wedge by traditional bullying each school day (Ross).Cyberbullying is technology powered and as technology expands it is getting harder and harder to hitch and prevent bullying from happening. intimidation over the Internet makes it easy for the bully to get away with their destructive behavior without any consequences. The article, What is Cyberbullying Bullying Comes Home states, Bullying is not new however thanks to the Internet teens are now being bullied at home. Online harass ment is a sombre problem (Hardcaslte).Although the Internet has opened many doors to new opportunities, it has unfortunately taken bullying to another level. As the article, Cyber Bullying Facts states, as the number of households with Internet access approaches saturation and cell phone ownership expands to the 100 one thousand million mark, so do the ways kids bully each other (Ross). Anything direct out into cyberspace is very difficult, sometimes impossible, to remove. Therefore, being cyberbullied can sometimes be much more severe than traditional bullying.Ann Frisen in he article, Cyberbullying A Growing Problem states, This type of bullying can be more serious than conventional bullying. At least with conventional bullying the victim is left only on evenings and weekends (ScienceDaily). What on the nose is cyberbulling? The author of the article, What is Cyberbullying Bullying Comes Home explains it as, any harassment that occurs through the Internet (Hardcastle). Cyber- bulling messages can be sent through text, e-mails, instant messaging, vane pages, blogs, chat rooms, or any other information communication technologies.For example, lollys assistant attorney general, who is a grown adult, has been harassing the University of Michigans openly gay savant body president. Andrew Shirvell, assistant Michigan attorney general, created a blog in April of 2010 targeting Chris Armstrong, University of Michigans student body president. On this blog he has posted many rude, untrue, and unnecessary comments towards Chris Armstrong, along with distorted pictures. accord to the article, Assistant Michigan AG targets openly gay college student the author states, Shirvell has published blog posts that consign Armstrong of engaging in flagrant sexual promiscuity with another male member of the student establishment sexually seducing and influencing a previously conservative male student so much so that the student, match to Shirvell, morphed into a proponent of the radical homosexual agenda (Steward). Mr. Shirvell is clearly a first-hand example of a cyber-bully and this article goes to show that its not just kids bullying each other in school anymore its much bigger than that.There have been at least three teen suicides in September after experiencing homophobic cyber-bullying. Who are the main victims targeted by cyber-bullies? According to the article, Cyber-bullying Facts Middle school and racy school girls are twice as likely as boys to display cyber-bullying behaviors in the form of email, text, and chat, and scarce 20% of cyber-bullying victims tell their grows about the incident (Ross). Cyber-bullies target students, coworkers, neighbors, and even friends.Lately, there have been many reports of suicides related to bullying. For example, the recent death of Tyler Clementi, a freshman at Rutgers University, is an extreme case of cyber-bullying. The article, Rutgers student death Has digital Age made students callous informs, Mr. Clementi killed himself on September 22nd, 2010. According to prosecutors, a few days ahead his roommate, Dharun Ravi, and another student, Molley Wei, used a Web cam to secretly transmit images of a sexual encounter amid Clementi and another man.They intended to do so again on September 21 (Khadaroo). With cyber-bullying a bully can pick on people with less risk of being caught. People who you would not trip up bullying someone in school dont have a problem utilize the Internet to bully their victims because you cant see their initial reaction. Bullying cannot only hurt the victim emotionally it can also cause them to have frequent headaches, indigestion and vomiting, loss of sleep, loss of appetite, paranoia, and suicide.In Tyler Clementis case he was so overwhelmed by what had been done to him that he jumped off of the George-Washington Bridge. It is important for college campuses to get ahead tolerance for differences, including homosexuality. From the article, Rutgers student death Has Digital Age made students callous the author states, We are tempted to have in mind that social-media technology drove the behavior, but as a truly ethical matter, the behavior has to be and should be considered human-driven, not technology driven (Foulkrod).Harrisburg University of Science and Technology in Pennsylvania recently close up the use of social media for a week to prompt discussions about its role in everyday life. nonexistence wants to see this happen again therefore, we need to come up with a solution to the problem. Some observers of like a shots youth and media culture believe that todays media environment could be desensitizing boylike people to the hurtful effects of their actions. What can be done to prevent cyber-bullying? Parents can start by talking specifically about cyber-bullying and explain that is harmful and unacceptable behavior.Talk regularly with your child about on-line activities he or she is involved in, keep your home compute r in easily seeable places, such as a family room or kitchen, and consider installing a filtering or block up system (Ross). Also, you can outline your expectations for responsible online behavior and clearly explain the consequences for inappropriate behavior (Ross). The almost important thing that can be done to stop a cyber-bully harassing you is to just not move to the bully. Do not play into the bullys games.Ignore the bully and tell a parent or teacher. While ignoring the bullying make sure to save all of the evidence so that if police need to be involved you will have it ready. In the article, What is Cyberbullying Bullying Comes Home states, Repeated or excessive harassment via email, forums or chat rooms is harassment and should involve the police. Threats of violence should also be reported to the police. Try to save all messages as evidence (Hardcastle). Treat a cyber-bully like you would any other bully and they will lose their power.Another important way to prevent cyber-bullying attacks is if you see something discharge on dont just be a bystander and let it happen, report it before anyone gets hurt. In conclusion, with the expansion of the Internet and social networking technologies cyber-bullying is becoming more common and more severe. The information presented in this research paper should give people a better understanding of what a cyber-bully is, how harmful they can actually be, and how to prevent cyber-bullying from happening.This paper can be used to help victims realize they are not alone and should not give into a bullys dangerous behaviors. This research paper is to inform order of magnitude about what has been going on lately and how unacceptable and dangerous it is. Kids are killing themselves over photos, web posts, and videos posted by bullies using the Internet. Cyber-bullying is technology powered and will only get worse as technology becomes more widespread. Hopefully, this paper will help to inform todays youth and pa rents. If you see any kind of bullying happening in front of you, stop it if possible, and then report it.

Health Leads Essay Example for Free

wellness Leads EssayAs re cently mentioned, there will be a health focus to a workshop on climate change in Melbourne this week nullify that is being put on by the Green Institute. One of the speakers is Senator Richard Di Natale, the Greens health spokesperson, who writes below that we aim to focus much than on the underlying causes of poor health. On related themes, dont turn a loss this New York Times article which profiles an organisation working on the societal causes of poor healt. Health Leads trains to the high-pitchedest degree 1000 volunteers each year to staff resource desks in the waiting rooms of hospital clinics or health centers in Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, New York, Providence, R. I., and Washington. At these sites, doctors now regularly prescribe a wide wrap of basic resources like food assistance, housing improvements, or heating fuel subsidies which the Health Leads volunteers fill, by applying their problem solving skills to identify resources any where they may be available.Health Leads was co-founded by a Harvard University student, Rebecca Onie, in 1996 and up until a year ago, she thought that the organisations biggest obstacle would be getting doctors to impart attention to patients social needs. But the organisation now gets so many referrals from doctors that it has waiting lists. According to the report, Health Leads offers a model of how to develop a workforce to systematically address the social causes of illness The true crisis in healthNot many people give up a heraldic bearinger in medicine to become a politician. However, I still have the same goal the good health of Australians. Australias health care system isnt bad. We spend little on health care than many other countries, about 9% of GDP (less than half of that spent in the USA), but close of us get access to high quality care when we need it. But we are in like manner one of the most hospitalised nations in the world, with more overnight beds per capi ta than any other OECD country. And even with the relatively high rate of hospitalisation, 60 per cent of our population is overweight, half the teeth of Australians aged 35-44 have some declination and alcohol abuse is costing our economy billions each year and rising. Australia isnt having a health crisis. Were having a stay health crisis. The cost of a hospital bed is considerable, but were flunk to invest in measures that prevent people from needing that bed in the first place.Dental health is a prime example of the opportunity we have to transform our health system through better halt measures. Currently, 650,000 Australians are on public dental care waiting lists, and dental admissions are the highest cause of stabbing preventable hospital admissions. Illness due to untreated dental disease is costing us dearly. only less than 20 per cent of dental care is currently funded by the Government, compared to nearly 80 per cent of general medical services. For alcohol abuse an d obesity as well, there are many preventative measures we can take to reduce the enormous costs to our economy each year. In addition to publically funded dental care, I will be working towards a phase-out of alcohol and junk-food advertising during sports broadcasts, a more rational alcohol taxation system and better food labelling regulations. It doesnt take much mental imagery to see how a small investment in prevention can save us grownup costs in cure.And with greater preventative health measures, we have more opportunity to address the social inequalities in health in Australia. Health isnt just a physical condition. If you have less income and less education, you are more likely to have poorer health. Beyond genetic make-up, behaviour and access to medical care, social inequality is still a strong determinant of health. This is especially acute when it comes to the health of autochthonic communities.Climate change is emerging as a major health issue, and once again, thos e who are more likely to suffer health problems due to climate change are those on the lower end of the socio-economic scale. During heatwaves and other extreme weather events, we have seen that the poor, the elderly and children are most affected. Already, our changing climate is creating a rise in vector-borne diseases, such as Dengue Fever, Malaria and Ross River Fever, and increasing rates of gastroenteritis will alike take a heavier toll on the most vulnerable.

Monster Mash Essay Example for Free

nut Mash EssayEveryone loves a good scargon. The rush we feel when our worst nightmares are realized, and yet that piddling inkling in our minds reminds us, this isnt real. Its fun. First we clench and scream and our hearts pop come out of the closet of our chests. Then, we smile, laugh, and say wow, that scared me escape our lips, and we again move on with the rest of our average everyday lives. Its exciting, and to some, arousing. But the concept of horror raises an all too common inquiry. What if you could become one of those famous monsters of the cash screen? Would you choose to be the seductive lamia, the gnarly werewolf, the ghastly ghost, or the ravenous Frankenstien?Now I know what youre thinking. What near Jason Vorhees, or Freddy Kruger? What about Leatherface, or the Pinhead? Those are all minute horror film identities. They are however, latter day principals that reserve all been crafted from the inspiration of the age senescent favorites. We couldnt possib ly begin to appreciate Jason Vorhees or Leatherface without first acknowledging the colossal juggernaut that was Frankenstien. So for this paper, Ill only be focusing on the primary figures of horror.Lets kick this off with an incomparable classic. This horror figure amassed not only one of the largest fan bases in film, further directly influenced its feature underground culture. Bela Lugosi donned the crimson cape in 1927 as Count Dracula in a Broadway readjustment of Bram Stokers novel, where he was talent-spotted as a character actor for the new Hollywood talkies, look in the first Dracula film with sound. It would be four years later, with the movie adaptation of that run away that vampires would become a public icon. Here we are almost ninety years later, vampire intuition has erupted into many renditions, many new ideals. There has been games, and music inspired by their sultry image. These being extend on the lust and temptation of man, the sexiness of evil. They ind ulge in blood, and ritual. Only ever able to enrapture their immortality at night, as sunlight invariably reduces them to dust and ash. They are dexterous, equally cunning, using sleight of pass off and a quick tongue to gain your every allegiance. They are connected into every faade of regular, and have either allies, or brethren in mightily social circles.The older the vampire, the more(prenominal) attuned to the gift. On the darker side of this discover lies the cold hard fact that you are completely vulnerable to fire, sunlight, and according to EVERY SINGLE vampire movie, the inevitable betrayal of those closest to you. Which for me begs the ultimate question, what good is immortality, if you have no one to share it with. angiotensin converting enzyme a cold dark night, when the moon is full, target you hear the howling of their kind. They are excellent hunters, and pull down better combatants. They are supercourse strong, fast, and almost impossible to fend off. All it takes is a simple mother fucker and your fate is sealed. The werewolf is a tragic Monster. There is nothing sexy or fun about this curse. Every four weeks, when the moon is full, your body reconstructs itself. Breaking bones, and rearranging them.Stretching muscle mass, and skin. I dont recommend watching someone turn if you are squeamish or faint of heart. The mind goes into an automatic mode, where you can only process hunger, and anger. Youre compelled not by your humanity, but by the beast within. No matter how you shake it, or which rendition of this monster you look at, werewolves are awesome and sad. Immense power, and keen animal agility, but without a single ounce of control. The concept of man becoming beast has been slightly for a long time. Ancient Celtics rehearsed to believe the spirit of the earth created them to protect her forests from all dangers. It wasnt until 1941 that the wolf man would see the silver medal screen, and forever change the way we looked at secluded romanticistic ventures in the wood. Speaking of silver, nothing but, can genuinely bring this monster to peace. Ghosts are a comical ideal. They scare the daylights out of us, yet never even threaten us with imminent danger.Most of the time, they are the remnants of someone looking to warn us or tell us something they didnt get a chance to while they were alive. Yet, like the others, they manage to drive us crazy, and inspire multimedia frenzies. Personally, I scorn all these darned ghost hunting shows on TV nowadays. They never seem to really perceptiveness the concept. Its like Im watching the ghost of Seinfeld, trying one last time to do a horrible stand up monologue. Still the imagery of being there, but not there, and afterwards affecting your surroundings with how you feel, sounds like horror gold. For as much literature is out there on these monsters, very little is actually known. There are a lot of myths about spirits, so its hard to decipher what is truth fr om what is fiction.Some sources say they cannot cross running water, others say that salt naturally repels them. Most say that wrought iron, or cold iron will disperse them quickly. Last but not least, the awesome Frankenstein monster. The twisted dream of an eccentric medical school dropout. A being brought to smell with the grotesque remain of the dead. The feeble attempts of a mad man to play god. This monster is as powerful as he is awe-inspiring. Unnaturally super strong, and equally impatient, he towers over the other monsters. He is outstandingly resilient, and can repair himself but using new parts. A horrific machine of flesh and bone. Having to consume the weight of being the only of his kind, is the only solace he will ever hope to achieve. At least not until bride of Frankenstein, and we all know how that ends.Mary Shelly gave birth to this horrific story in 1818, originally adapted to be a drama that focused on Dr. Frankenstein as tortured soul, looking for contrit ion from his monolithic creation. This would fade in 1931, when Boris Karloff donned the neck bolts and platform boots. Becoming an instant classic on the silver screen, Frankenstein would later be seen taking care of Draculas coffin in the daytime and supply the wolf man on the full moon. Never saying much, as to forego the myth that revivify brain tissue results in a zombie state of mind, Frankenstein does most of his communication in gestures.I would like to believe that the incredible HULK is somehow inspired by him. Choosing an archetype of horror can be taxing. But knowing not only what you stand to gain, but what you stand to lose is paramount. Everyone focuses so on the merit of being a monster. As much as they are powerful, they are weak. To truly choose means to condemn yourself to a live of horror. Would you sacrifice the sun for immortality? Or are you more privy toward the animalistic freedom in exchange for your sanity. Or maybe youd remain human, and use this hypoth etical as tactical advantage. Knowing is half the battle, right?ReferencesIMDB.com Copyright 1990-2013 IMDb.com, Inc.Bela Lugosi http//www.imdb.com/name/nm0000509/bioThe Wolf gentlemans gentleman http//www.imdb.com/title/tt0034398/?ref_=sr_3 Frankenstein- http//www.imdb.com/title/tt0021884/?ref_=sr_6MonstersAn Investigators Guide to Magical BeingsCreatorsJohn Michael GreerPublisherLlewellyn Worldwide, LTD.Sept. 2001

Global and regional environmental Essay Example for Free

Global and regional environmental EssayPeople across the globe are cosmos affected by ball-shaped and regional environmental changes. The drastic environmental troubles such ozone layer depletion and humour change are as a result of over pulmonary tuberculosis, unsustainable life styles and unwellnessy patterns of development (Harris, 47). environmental problems are likely to hit the marginalized and the poor first often with drastic consequences but latter they exit alike affect the privileged. Unless these environmental problems are curbed they are threatening to cause havoc to the life shoot a bun in the oven systems and the ecosystems. This will therefore lead to an immense and unprecedented crisis for the self-colored homoity. To achieve sustainable development and the health of the environment it requires drastic changes in the current global order and formulation of the alternative ways of thinking. inwardly environmental movements there are huge wealth of expe riences, ideas and visions of what an alternative environmental sustainable and people oriented societies th below mug look like. Environmental destruction has always been part of the human history (Harris, 48).Throughout season the problems of the environment have been important factors affecting the health of people both at regional and global level. The pressure on the environment has increased enormously as a result of changing scales of the human society increases and development of the technology. This problem is fuelled by the runaway global economic systems which have created over consumption (unprecedented affluence) and enormous level of poverty.The environmental problems now threaten to cause irreversible harm to the ecosystems and increase inequalities on a global scale (Pickering Owen, 117). Some of the environmental problems are immediate local problems whose their causes burn be known and their solutions be identified. On the former(a) hand other environmental pr oblems are incredibly labyrinthian and they are often complex to handle. Such environmental problems involve much uncertainty and affect the whole globe and are the result of combined human behavior.These problems are maintained and embedded on the social structures (Harris, 50). Some critics ask that environmental problems are as a result of the present day race growth especially in the terzetto reality countries and natural resources depletion in the super industrialized countries (Harris, 50). Alarmist argue that the explosive nation growth in less developed countries and overexploitation of the non renewable resources by the highly industrialized countries are combining to lay down sets of condition which cannot be sustained in the long-run by our finite domain of a function.The population problems of tierce conception countries constitute an impediment to social economic development and can pose a threat to depletion of natural resources. However relatively low crud e population densities in many third world countries with exception of some a couple of(prenominal) areas they do not produce population pressure on the natural resources (Harris, 52). Most of the third worlds countries have an even population distribution and few urban centers are becoming overcrowded.High rates of population growth in third world countries is as a result of high and constant fertility that have possibilities of reducing mortality payable to the improved health facilities. Because of high proportion of children and high patterns of fertility heavy dependence burden is produced inwardly the populations in most third world countries. The heavy dependence implies large expenditures of provision of employment and fostering for the growing population (Pickering Owen, 134).Most bureaucrats, economists and political leaders in third world countries especially in Africa argue that third world countries in Africa have abundant resources which have not yet been tapped. They also argue that large area in Africa have not been inhabited and therefore the political interview that population growth border pressure on the limited natural resources should not be interpreted seriously (Harris, 53). There is need for the political leaders, economist and bureaucrats to know the prospect of the third world countries in terms of the resources base that can absorb the population problems of the third world countries (Harris, 54).In comparison to other industrialized countries for example Europe nations the work under cultivation in third world African countries is three times higher(prenominal) per capita, the livestock per capita is two times higher, the grazing pour down per each unit of measurement of livestock is a bout seven times higher while the mineral resources out put of third worlds countries in Africa constitute one tenth of the mineral output of the whole world (Harris, 54).The prime energy resources of the third world countries are enormous which are comprised of natural gas and petroleum product coal and hydro power for example 32 percent of world hydro power which can be exploited, 12 percent of reserves of uranium and 60 percent of thorium reserves are found in Africa third world countries. Despite the abundant resources of the third world countries most countries in Africa are under developed (Harris, 57). It would be a weak argument to suggest that the high population growth in the third world countries is the root cause of their underdevelopment.However the high population growth of the third world countries is an important factor that impedes development. The rapid population growth constitutes pressure on the arable land. Several billion hectares of land are being degraded in third world countries (Pickering Owen, 204). The degradation of land can be linked to population pressure and poverty, values and attitude of people weak tenure systems and land management and drought which often results in over exploi tation of the natural resources such as the trees utilise for fuel wood, overgrazing deforestation and unsustainable agricultural activities.Degradation has decreased land productivity, increased desertification and causes loss of arable land in most third world countries (Pickering Owen, 206). As a result of degradation in the third world countries there is less food than can be produced in degraded lands and also the handiness of biomass is greatly reduced. Land degradation also makes the ecosystems to be less resilient and increases chances of malnutrition and susceptibility of diseases in the local populations.Third world countries like china, Ethiopia, Brazil, Nepal, India and most African countries have caused much of environmental degradation. In youthful time the respective government has began to introduce policies to minimize the extensive environmental degradation that their countries are set about (Pickering Owen, 213). The environmental policies have been develope d soon after formation of and applying pressure by several militant groups in the field of environment.Initially before the activist groups applied pressure the governments in the third world countries did not see any needs to develop environmental policies. Environmental degradation is only the problem of the third world countries and most often thirds world countries have make do with what they owns and usually they compete with large populations (Pickering Owen, 208). Once a natural resource for example water is degraded it become of minor use to the people.On the other hand western or industrialized countries have a higher standard of living than third world countries or less developed countries. In developed countries the communities have access to electricity, clean water, housing, employment, refrigeration, clothing, food, heating, hospital, schools, medicines, machinery, manufacturing, communication and road thus in the process they consume much of the resources (Pickerin g Owen, 209).The communities of the third world poor countries do not have access to these things and they rely on what they can hunt, derive or grow. People in the third world countries acquire other things if they have surplus produce to sell and therefore are disadvantaged to gain access to power supply, telecommunication, railways and roads thus becomes ticklish to access the few schools hospitals etc and therefore third world countries are not degrading the environment as much as the developed nations (Pickering Owen, 210).

Marketing strategy Essay Example for Free

Marketing scheme EssayNike Inc. founded in 1964 by nozzle Bowerman and Philip Knight is spherical leader in sportswear and footgear industry. With Nike occupying around 45% of global mart shargon in footwear and app atomic number 18ls and moving make headway ahead, much of the formational success slew be impute to its home runeting strategy that have assistanceed the organisation achieve revenue enhancement worth cardinals every fiscal form ($18 billion being in 2008). Nike Inc. UK has a major commercialize in the UK for seaworthiness trainers and raiment impartd for health and physical suffertingness purpose benefits to the consumers. Nike understands the sizeableness of trade analysis and tradeing strategy based upon those analytic processes. Consider open amount of research and analysis have been carried on in understanding consumer hires, UKs purlieu and potential opportunities. This topic consists of situational analysis jam of Nike in UK and likew ise presents situational analysis suggestion of ways in which belligerent edge push aside be gained against its rivals with segmentation, targeting and linear perspectiveing of the push throughputs.The importance of marketing objectives has also been highlighted in the report and thus dispatchers Nike with a glimpse of marketing environment in UK and the expectations with role of marketing mix (4Ps). debut Nike has predominantly been successful in horseshoe manufacturing and distribution among the shoe manufacturers with its superior tonus, high tech, ultramodern dress that meet on going demand of the market and its trends. From professional athletics to most common inquire for fitness trainers, Nike has got fitness berth and trainers in both shape, sizes and colours.Some of the most famous Nike trainers and fitness tog are Nike + (spelled as plus), Air Jordan, Nike Shox, Nike Lunar glide, Nike Air Zoom, Nike 360 and m each more. Nike is the sole distributor of Nike carry on mark represented on each of these and m any of its fitness trainers sold globally. High quality material, endeavor and pull down and technological enhancement of the shoes as per requirement of conf recitationd activities thus make Nike the best excerpt for fitness trainers and shoes. Marketing Analysis and strategic evaluation of a company is an grievous component of any organisational success.Without well-structured marketing strategies and road maps to excogitationning and achieving them, no organisation discount be at the maculation where they expect to be. Nike in UK covers a fair amount of market share and revenue for the organisation. The huge market diversity, commemorate awareness in market and consumer base loyal to high quality proceedss so help to its cause. On the otherwise hand, UK market is generally health conscious and trendy. Trainers and fitness shoes are therefore in much demand over last few years within the domain itself.Marketing analy ze (Nike Inc. UK) Nike Inc. UK follows management strategies that combine with six of the most important external factors that female genital organ have an impact on the organisation. PESTLE is a situational analysis tool that digest be used by firms to determine their position against possible external influences such(prenominal) as politics, economy, society, technology, environment and law. Nike and its positional stand against background of UK market can therefore be analysed in the following way Political Factors Nike Inc.has a considerably stable insurance-making environment and an economy welfare turn ind by the state. Considerable amount of lawful requirements were accomplished by Nike during its opening in the UK as an organisation completing all political alignments. Considerable amount of fitness shoes and trainers are imported in UK which is sold all over. However, Nike might have to face challenges if government drafts policy or quotas on Nike shoes that can be i mported from its merchandiseion sites such as Asia-Pacific. stinting FactorsUK economy has been unstable in recent years. The double dip recession few years back, pompousness rate fluctuating abnormally, maturement living costs, in do tax rate increments and other economical factors directly or indirectly affected Nikes performance in the UK with comparatively weak sales figure. Economic balance, practice rate and PDI all must be stable and firm enough in the economy to help a business sustain. Nike therefore needs strategic move that can guarantee its sustainability in such circumstances. Social FactorsUK market comprises of people from multiple culture, religion and ethnic backgrounds. Therefore, Nike needs to understand the social dust and practice of all these people whenever approaching them. Sales and marketing of the fitness shoes should be therefore based upon social acceptance of methods, peoples lifestyle and their way of thinking. For instance, consumers in UK who procure fitness trainers are pretty health conscious and the numbers are growing as well. Hence, Nike needs to provide more health benefitting shoes and apparel.Similarly, social responsibility image of Nike has to be significantly boosted with accusations of running sweatshops in Nike factories in Asia which it has tried to improve with facilities, factory improvements and commitment towards further improvement. technological Factors Technological factors are an important aspect that needs to be considered by Nike Inc. UK . Technological advancements in fitness shoes need to be updated and research and development of such apparels have to be advanced.With fitness shoes that are boded such for injury prevention, sole strengthening, race sports, less sweating and many other features the advancement has been unimaginable. UK nodes are updated and fall good clock eon researching on features and quality of the product they want. Nike therefore has to be technologically capable of providing customer satisfaction. Environmental Factors Nike needs total understanding of UK market as consumers are concerned rough how products they purchase can make an impact upon environment. returnion materials, process and sites can be harmful to environment in many ways. This can be a grave concern for environmental activists and hence persuade consumer thoughts. Nike has to be able to inform the consumers in UK with their continuous efforts in making Nike shoe production environment golden and use of raw materials and the production process least harmful to nature. Legal factors Nike has to oblige with all the legal regulations and in relevance with companies operating in the UK.They must consider their business privileges as well as legal responsibility in concern with marketing, promotion and sales in the Kingdom. Some of the legal acts that they need to consider are regarding press, trade acts, acts on sales and supply of goods, adverts and campaigning, television adv erts, environmental acts and so on. Without its submission of local laws and acts Nike would suffer a huge blow in gaining consumer trust as they cannot operate with efficiency. SWOT ANALYSIS FOR NIKE FITNESS SHOES Strength Nike is a global leader in shoe manufacturing and has been in market for very long time.There is a considerable amount of customer trust and consignment based upon the very fact that Nike has been able to provide highest quality fitness shoes with modern techniques and design over years. The research and development investing in Nike is huge. The very reason has pioneered Nike in producing ultra-modern technology in fitness shoes. Shoes with air compressed soles for low pressure on soles, ankle protecting designs, speed boosting trainers etcetera have all been Nikes brilliant ideas in meeting with modern demands of consumers.Beside innovations, Nike also provides consumers with plectron of designing their own shoes in the UK. Nike has a global bearing and th eir revenues are worth billions . diffusion channels for Nike are well established and it has diverse barf of products to cater the consumers with. Weakness Nike Inc. UK has had to compete fiercely against several of its competitors in recent years with economic downfall regarding price of the product. Several of Nikes fitness trainers are comparatively expensive than other brands. With buyers focusing their mind on cost efficient purchase, Nike prices are a thought for many.On the other hand, Nikes sweatshop factories in Asia which are not owned by Nike themselves but subcontracted had tarnished Nike image among many people. Nike has considerably put much effort in improving the running(a) condition and lives of its workers thereby. Opportunity UK market has lots of potential opportunities for the Nike. With numerous amounts of health conscious people and growing sport enthusiastic generation of youngsters, Nike has the opportunity to grab market by launching shoes and trainers as per the consumer needs. enjoyment of internet is wide and common in the UK and e-commerce has been developing in a tremendous pace. Nike can use this opportunity to promote, inform and cater its consumers with its fitness trainers. Threats Nike has been competing fiercely with rival companies such as Adidas, Puma, Asics, Umbro and others for fitness shoe production and distribution in UK market. Besides, challenges from competitors, forged Nike footwear intercoursely cheap and of low quality are circulated by counterfeiters in market which has hampered Nikes reputation and brand.On the other hand growing economic uncertainty, government cuts and rising inflation have been challenging Nike sales. COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE emulous advantage can be defined as strategic advantage a company holds against the competitors in the industry. It can be marked as the positional state of company when it is able to do a benchmark in terms of profit in the industry. Nike has the competitive adv antage over its rivals through wider market reporting, higher glaring revenue and customer loyalty as well. Nike fitness trainers with their high quality design and attributes have been able to outperform other shoe makers.Nike therefore wants to hold this competitive advantage over its rival sustainably. competitory advantage can be achieved either by, Cost advantage techniques when production is made in vast quantity and products sold in relatively cheaper price or differentiation techniques of producing unique featured products against competitors and providing relative value to the good priced. In 2003, Svend Hollenson provided seven-spot key factors that provide organisations with competitive advantage. Nike with all these consideration and seven key factors can boost its performance therefore in market.The seven factors are Economy of dental plate Economies of scale refers to the term when production cost of a company is relatively lower than its sales revenue and earnin gs made are from massive sales. These companies produce goods on regular basis and avoid deficit in the market. Economy of scope Economies of scope relates to the idea that cost of production can be further reduced by other organisational means such as joint administrative firms for different products, akin storage for different goods and cost effective methodologies used in production to distribution.Strategic thinking The amount competence of any business to succeed in modern business world is strategic thinking. With wondrous amount of competition and impediments that can affect the business, Nike should be able to analyse its internal and external environment, assess operational lapses so as they can provide effective strategy to eradicate arrears and achieve their objectives. Use of local market Global companies such as Nike have ample opportunity to provide their hunt down of products to local market in the UK.With well informed and health conscious consumers growing on insouciant basis, Nike can act upon the opportunity to provide its trainers in all parts of the country. Nikes product mold and standards are well accepted and with more quality products advance in it can boost with breeding of local market and advantages it can take from. Ability to provide global services Nike has been able to provide its product and service throughout the globe. With communication, transportation and various technological developments that have made international trade reliable, company such as Nike have been able to market and cater their business worldwide.Use if education technology in global service is an essential tool which has been used by Nike to deliver its goods and services. Competitive advantage (Company specific) Every organisation should have a distinct and unique feature which provides a competitive edge over its rival companies. Nike has been providing high quality footwear from their founding days. Superior technology, design and features of Nike footwear are second to none. This very reason has made Nike achieve higher market share globally than its competitors by building excellent customer relationship.Human resource (competitive advantage) Nike and its success can be attribute on high level to the employees of Nike who with their commitment, skills and attitude have made tremendous development and market coverage for them. Human workforce is an essential element of any business where firm should be able to provide the employees with business specific skills. This helps organisation achieve most out of the useable workforce. SEGMENTATION, TARGETING AND POSITIONING (STP)The marketing strategy of a company starts from mission and vision statement to selection of market and then positioning of the plans and objectives of the product in the market. Philip Kotler (1994) provided segmentation, targeting and positioning as the essence of strategic management for any organisation. Here, in terms of Nike Inc. UK, we can sug gest following steps to be followed for strategic move Segmentation Research on live market, types of customers and distribution of similar market should be carried out. Targeting A target market (generally mass and more productive) which has to be served has to be analysed.Positioning The plans are carried out to be performed in the target market and all the activities positioned. Nike Inc. UK should be able to research and develop the segments within UK market where consumers with similar characteristics can be served. The three approaches of market segmentation such as differentiated, undifferentiated and concentrated can be used to determine segments and plan accordingly by Nike. Nike can distinguish its market with several features and variables which determine the general concept about products that Nike offer, fitness shoes in this case.Socio-demographic variables such as age, gender, occupation, income and family etc. can be considered. It may also be based on geographic in formation such as area, area density, household and neighbourhood, market size and more. Behavioural data can be assessed to determine customer loyalty, buying trends, user alternative and others. Psychographic studies would help Nike understand consumer lifestyle, fashion choices and many more. Nike and its segment targeting approach in the UK Socio demography Nike Inc. UK provides fitness shoe and trainers in wide lam and designs to offer different kind of customers.Trainers and shoes come in all shape, size, specification and quality. Trainers in multiple ranges for men, women and kids are available in the UK market. Sizes are marked effectively for fit in purpose and available readily in all the sales stores. Fitness trainers for men range from ? 38 least for Nike Zoom to ? 120 highest for Nike Trainer 1. Women have wide range of choice as well from Nike Air Cardio designs costing mere ? 28 to ? 140 for Nike Air Max+ 2011 id. Kid products range from ? 18 to ? 100. Geography Ni ke has made its presence felt in all the major towns and cities in the UK.The points those are most likely to be consumer targeted have been covered as market by Nike. However, reaching the country sides would be a challenge and point of thought if Nike wants to expand its business all over the nation. Nike provides point of sale services in London, Birmingham city, Glasgow, Manchester city, Edinburgh and many other cities. However, internet usage is the only medium for other geographic parts to purchase Nike trainers. client Behaviour It can be important for Nike to realise the importance of customer behavior in UK.To learn more about consumer preferences and expectation, it is important to communicate with them and share their experiences. Customer loyalty can be earned by providing customers with benefits and services such as after sales, substitution facilities, warranty and making them feel cared for. Nike has to develop such credentials to learn more about customer status an d capacity. Consumer psychograph Nike has so far been successful in providing trainers and fitness shoes to varying demands of consumers that are available in the UK. Prices of the trainers range from ? 28 to ? 140 which shows that Nike has its focus on all sets of customer status.Some scoop products are also sold in the market that focuses on trendy, fashionable and youthful nature of trainers and fitness shoes for the consumers. POSITIONING OF MARKET Nike Inc. has been very successful in positioning itself as a global leader in athletic footwear market. purge in UK, Nike has been really successful in showing huge market, enormous amount of consumer trust and therefore considerable amount of revenue for the company itself. Technological advancement, high quality materials, innovation and design in Nike footwear are what even the competitors try to imitate.Even though several European brands provide Nike with stiff competition in the UK, Nike has been efficacious in fending off c hallenges and come up with even better trainers and footwear as per the demand of demanding health conscious population. With a very competitive pricing strategy that is in concern with market expectations, Nike provides footwear of different sizes, design and price for different market segments. Nike has invested considerable amount of time and money on research of UK market since years which has made it one of the most trusted and loved brand in the UK.Such vigorous position and market share therefore is a positive sign for Nike in days to come. NIKE AND ITS merchandising OBJECTIVES AND GOALS IN THE UK Nike has been established as a reputed business enterprise in the UK for years now. Their capability and product effectiveness are reflected in choice of people in using Nike fitness trainers before any available option. stylishness based goals and objectives which relate to features of objective setting such as specification, measurement, attainment, realisation and time are nece ssary for Nike to implement in their strategies.Here, we analyse how Nikes objectives can be related to the SMART approach. SPECIFIC Nike is the leading women fitness provider in UK with revenue grossing worth 200 million dollars in 2010. Nike Inc. wants to double the gross amount by the fiscal year of 2014. MEASURABLE Nike targets revenue of $27 billion by the end of 2015 as well as cumulative cash flow increment to $12 billion. ACHIEVABLE Nike wants to provide UK consumers with 100% cotton used fitness trainers based upon consumer survey in coming years. Nike Inc.has plans to endorse its own athletics footwear during the 2012 summer Olympics in London by sponsoring all the American athletes participating in the games. REALISTIC Nike Inc. UK wants to increase its market coverage in the UK which is 18% now to 25% within 2013 as Nike footwear have had tremendously appreciated response and promotional endorsements are to be boosted during Olympic games. TIME BOUND All afore mentioned plans and objectives of Nike Inc. UK are to be completed in certain time allocated for each objective completion.MARKETING STRATEGIES AND PROGRAMS OF NIKE INC. UK Nike Inc. UK would have to define its objectives and the process of determining the achievement of those goals. Out of various strategic plans available, Nike Inc. UK can use growth strategies using both product and market. Figure source http//highn. me/ansoffs-matrix-planning-for-growth/ Nike Inc. UK can develop its strategies by using various methods of strategic moves such as Market Penetration by providing competitive prices against others, promotional campaigns, enhancing customer support and care etc.Market Development by acquiring into newer geographic area, building newer distribution channels, creating new product dimension, creating new market segment etc. Product Development by producing exclusive products, creating a new trend, using technological advancements in product, diversifying product ranges etc. Divers ification by producing new merchandises than usual for instance sweat free socks for Nike trainers, or other products to fit Nike footwear and apparels such as caps, jogging scarfs etc. THE MARKETING MIX (4PS) FOR NIKE INC. UK Nike Inc.UK and their marketing strategies may be subject to changes from external forces of environment such as politics, economy, society, technology, environment and law. The company however has no go for on these factors and have to make adjustments on several occasions. The 4 ps are variables that the organisation can control within its own marketing strategy and is generally known as 4 ps of marketing mix. Here, we analyse Nike Inc. and its marketing mix. Product Nike should be able to provide product variety to the consumers in UK. With people interested in different sports, Nike can make an impact on market here.The quality and features of the new trainers have to be of highest quality, design and durability. Latest trends and technology used in perf ormance enhancement, accident prevention and safety of athletes should be made available in Nike trainers. Sizes and shapes have to come out in all different ways and the products need to be attractively packaged as well. Price Nike needs to focus on all kinds of customer and research on the customer behaviour or purchasing pattern in the UK. Though Nike already provides trainers from as cheap as ? 28 to ? 140 and more, the prices need to be justified.List of the prices and their features marked with products can be helpful. Price discounts on time can be helpful for boosting business. Place Nike should focus on locations where footwear can be retailed, distributed or sold more efficiently. Study of market is necessary to determine where Nike can make best out of its sales. Placement in this case may be stores around sport clubs, distribution to other sellers and others. instruction technology has covered almost the whole part of UK which can be utilised by Nike to exploit the mar ket and attract the customers. Promotion Nike Inc.has used several of global athletes as brand ambassadors for the company. Their very affaire with the company and attachment has provided lime light to the Nike trainers as well. The company can advertise its trainers through media create sales promotion from time to time and even sponsor future sport events to promote their products as well. Conclusion/Recommendation Marketing Strategy is an important aspect in achieving the organisational goals and objectives. Only with considerable investment in analysing Nike Inc. s strength, weakness, opportunity and threats can the organisation implement marketing strategies.Nike enjoys good market presence and customer loyalty in the kingdom and thus can improve further. From the report, we can recommend most of the following aspects for Nike The emerging youth culture and trend is an opportunity for Nike to market its products. More technological use in trainers, design can be improved so a s to promote fitness trainers. wellness benefits associated with fitness Nike trainers should be made aware to the consumers. Use of information technology can be broad way to market coverage for Nike trainers and their distribution.

Violence Against Women in Muslim Families Essay Example for Free

Violence Against Women in Muslim Families EssayNasim Basiri Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations, decl ared in a 2006 report houseed on the United Nations growth Fund for Women (UNIFEM) website that Violence against women and girls is a problem of pandemic proportions. At least one out of both three women around the world has been beaten, coerced into hinge upon, or otherwise ill-use in her lifetime with the abuser ordinarily almostone known to her, (Kofi Annan 2006) One of the key issues addressed at the 1995 Fourth World multitude on Women in Beijing was the elimination of furiousness against women. Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide, irrespective of their socio-economic status. It cuts across ethnic, cultural and religious barriers, impeding the rights of women to participate fully in the society. The urgency of addressing this global problem is tragically illustrated by the treatment of women in date or crisis situations, whe re various forms of harassment, intimidation, rape and forced pregnancies are being employ as instruments of war, oddly by the opposing forces or the supposed peacekeepers.The recent incident in the Darfur region of Sudan, where women were violently abused both physically and cozyly and some killed, is typical. However, it is not only in times of war that women are vulnerable to abuse. Throughout the world, women suffer untold violence in the family, at work and in the wider community, turn the perpetrators include individuals and the state apparatus. Women worldwide remain vulnerable to life-threatening conditions and abuse of physical and psychological integrity. Although violence against women is highly under-reported, its prevalence is high in many cultural settings both in the developed and create countries. For instance, studies indicate that 10-58% of women have experienced physical abuse by an intimate partner in their lifetime. Further much, cross- sectional studies s how that 40% of women in entropy Africa, 28% in Tanzania and 7% in New Zealand reported their first sexual intercourse was forced. More than half a billion of the women in the world are Muslim.They are saturated in approximately 45 Muslim-majority countries in a broad belt from Senegal to the Philippines, with the largest number on the South Asian subcontinent. The most populous single Muslim-majority nation is Indonesia.The policing of Muslim communities in the name of sexuality comparison is now a globally organized phenomenon and one that has become even more pronounced by and by the events of September 11, 2001 when the United States began its War on Terror in response to the terrorist bombings of the World Trade amount of money and Pentagon. The policing is organized under the logic that there is an irreconcilable culture clash between the West and Islam with the latter(prenominal) bent on the Wests destruction. (Huntington 1997)They are tribal and stuck in pre-modernity, t he argument goes, possessing neither a commitment to military personnel rights, womens rights nor to democracy. It is the Wests obligation to defend itself from these values and to assist Muslims into modernity, by force if required, as the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq both underline. The body of the Muslim woman, a body xed in the occidental imaginary as conned, mutilated, and sometimes murdered in the name of culture, serves to reinforce the threat that the Muslim man is said to pose to the West and is used to justify the extraordinary measures of violence and surveillance involve to discipline him and Muslim communities.( Jiwani)THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN ISLAMSome scholars have argued that MPL cannot be effectively recognised and use by the South African government because Islamic law conflicts with sex equality. Since the height of the feminist bm in the late 70s, a magnifying glass has been placed over the status of Muslim women. Unfortunately, the magnifying glass used is a n unusual one. Unusual in the sense that it is highly selective about which items to magnify other items it distorts to much(prenominal) a degree that they no longer look familiar (Ellison, 2004). The image of Islam is portrayed (Khalid and Tucker, 19969) as the nerve of unmitigated oppression of women, as the foundation of a sexual activity system that categorically denies women equal rights and subjugates them to men, this recurs in the movies, magazines, and books of our popular culture as well as in much academic discourse. I bear that many rules, as they exist within the Muslim community, have been interpreted by males and, therefore, are patriarchal. However, it is unsaid to conclude that Islam itself is antipathetical to equality of the sexes.I exit briefly discuss the elevated position of women in Islam. In post-apartheid South Africa, women are only now really able to have their voices heard. The issue of gender equality has become central to the development of const itutional democracy in South Africa. But what is gender? It is usually described as the way society understands the differences between men and women. This can be blanket(a) to what can be identified or recognized as masculine or feminine in a socio-cultural sense.Gender is indeed socially constructed and determined by things such as culture and religion. It is in addition not fixed in time and place, and is, therefore, subject to change. In Islam it is important to note that the word gender has no corresponding current term in the Arabic language, the language of the Quran. The word gender is general, and theatrical role to men and women is made by the reference to the word sex, which is believed to be value free. The Quran bears evidence to the relinquish in its reference to the story of creation where it purposely employs gender neutral terms (Hassan, 1998). According to Seedat (2000), some of the concerns and experiences emerging from Muslim women are as follows * Women are often merely verbally informed by their husbands of their being divorced, without any sort of written legal documents* Imams often grant talaqs without any consultation with the wives * Women who elapse their lives cooking, cleaning and looking after the children, are often left destitute at the end of the marriage. Those who muster themselves financially dependent on their husbands, are unable to secure their own economic development, and are less(prenominal) likely to leave an unhappy or abusive marital relationship. * Many women also find it problematical to negotiate contracts due to the stigma attached, ie that she will be branded a modern Islamic feminist filled with western ideas.CONCLUSION internal violence is deep-rooted in many African societies Arab societies and etc, where wife beating is considered a prerogative of menand a purely national matter by the society. Domestic violence is one of the greatest barriers to ending the subordination of women. Women, for fear o f violence, are unable to refuse sex or negotiate safer sexual practices, thus increasing their vulnerability to HIV if their husbands are unfaithful. A more productive approach, it carry outms to me, is to ask how we might contribute to making the world a more just place.A world not organized around strategic military and economic demands a place where accredited kinds of forces and values that we may still consider important could have an appeal and where there is the peace necessary for discussions, debates, and transformations to occur within communities. We need to ask ourselves what kinds of world conditions we could contribute to making such that popular desires will not be overdetermined by an over whelming sense of helplessness in the face of forms of global injustice. Where we try on to be active in the affairs of distant places, can we do so in the nitty-gritty of support for those within those communities whose goals are to make womens lives better .REFERENCES a b c d e Moradian, Azad. Domestic Violence against Single and Married Women in Iranian Society. Tolerancy global. September 2009. Retrieved 16 Nov. 2011. Popularly referred to as the clash of civilizations, the phrase and the argument can be found in Huntington (1997) For critique and examination of its general inuence and appeal, see Said (2001). For a discussion of how the culture clash thesis inuences feminists see Razack (unpublished). For a discussion of how the Muslim womans body has been represented in the press post 911 see Jiwani (forthcoming). Abdo, Nahla, and Ronit Lentin, eds. Women and the Politics of Military ConfrontationPalestinian and Israeli Gendered Narratives of Dislocation. New York Berghahn Books, 2002. Abdullah, Ustaz Yoonus. Sharia in Africa. Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria Shebiotimo Publications, 1998. Abou El Fadl, Khaled. Speaking in Gods Name Islamic Law, Authority and Women. Oxford Oneworld Press 2001. Abu Lughod, Lila. Introduction womens rightist Longing and Postcol onial Conditions. In Lila Abu Lughod, ed., Remaking Women Feminism and modernism in the Middle East. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1998. Abu Lughod, Lila, ed. Remaking Women Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1998. Abusharaf, Rogaia Mustafa. Revisiting Feminist Discourses on Infibulation Responses from Sudanese Feminists. In Bettina Shell-Duncan and Yvla Hernlund, eds., Female Circumcision in Africa Culture, Controversy andChange. boulder Lynne Reiner, 2000. Fadel M (1999) Two Women, One Man Knowledge, Power and Gender in Medieval Sunni Legal Thought, in International journal of Middle East Studies. Hassan SO (1998) Gender and Islamic Law, Some general observations on the Status of Women under Islamic law, paper delivered at Gender and Law workshop, World Bank. Hughes TP (1886) Marriage in Dictionary of Islam (1886), see also http// muslim- canada. org/marriaged iction . United Nations. The Beijing Declaration and the Platform f or Action, Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, China. UNDoc.DPI/1766/ Wom.1 12-113. New York United Nations, 1996. De Bruyn M. Violence related to pregnancy and abortion a violation of human rights. Sex Health Exch 2002 314-15. Heise LL, Raikes A, Watts CH and Zwi AB. Violence against women a neglected public health issue in less developed countries. Soc SciMed 1994 39(9) 1165-79. Molloy J. outcome war against women. CRLP sponsors workshop on violence against women in situations of armed conflict duringBeijing + 5 Regional Conference. ReprodFreedom News 2000 9(3) 2. Schreck Laurel. Turning point a special report on the refugee reproductive health field. InterFam Plann Persp 2000 26(4) 162-166. Girard F and Waldman W. Ensuring the reproductive rights of refugees and internally displaced persons legal and policy issues. Inter Fam Plann Persp 2000 26(4) 167-173. Nordstrom C. Catitas war. Development 2001 44(3) 30-5. Refugees International. Visual commissioning violence agains t women in Darfur, October 2004. http// www.urefugeesinternational.org/content/report/ detail/4329/ . Rath DG,Jarratt LG and Leonardson G. Rates of domestic violence against adult women by men partners. JAm BdFam Prac 1989 2227-233. Odimegwu Clifford O. Couple formation and domestic violence among the Tiv of Benue State,Nigeria. Paper presented at the International Colloquium Gender, Population and Develop- ment in Africa organised by UAPS, INED, ENSEA, IFORD, Abidjan 16-21 July 2001. Foster LA. South African experiences in fighting domestic violence. Sex Health Exch 2002 3 3-4. Brinkerhoff MB, Grandin E and Lupri E. Religious involvement and spousal violence the Canadian case. JSci StudyRel 1992 31(1) 15-31. Heise L, et al. Ending violence against women. Pop Reports Series L, No. 11. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Population Information Program, December 1999.