Wednesday, April 10, 2019
Violence Against Women in Muslim Families Essay Example for Free
Violence Against Women in Muslim Families EssayNasim Basiri Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations, decl ared in a 2006 report houseed on the United Nations growth Fund for Women (UNIFEM) website that Violence against women and girls is a problem of pandemic proportions. At least one out of both three women around the world has been beaten, coerced into hinge upon, or otherwise ill-use in her lifetime with the abuser ordinarily almostone known to her, (Kofi Annan 2006) One of the key issues addressed at the 1995 Fourth World multitude on Women in Beijing was the elimination of furiousness against women. Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide, irrespective of their socio-economic status. It cuts across ethnic, cultural and religious barriers, impeding the rights of women to participate fully in the society. The urgency of addressing this global problem is tragically illustrated by the treatment of women in date or crisis situations, whe re various forms of harassment, intimidation, rape and forced pregnancies are being employ as instruments of war, oddly by the opposing forces or the supposed peacekeepers.The recent incident in the Darfur region of Sudan, where women were violently abused both physically and cozyly and some killed, is typical. However, it is not only in times of war that women are vulnerable to abuse. Throughout the world, women suffer untold violence in the family, at work and in the wider community, turn the perpetrators include individuals and the state apparatus. Women worldwide remain vulnerable to life-threatening conditions and abuse of physical and psychological integrity. Although violence against women is highly under-reported, its prevalence is high in many cultural settings both in the developed and create countries. For instance, studies indicate that 10-58% of women have experienced physical abuse by an intimate partner in their lifetime. Further much, cross- sectional studies s how that 40% of women in entropy Africa, 28% in Tanzania and 7% in New Zealand reported their first sexual intercourse was forced. More than half a billion of the women in the world are Muslim.They are saturated in approximately 45 Muslim-majority countries in a broad belt from Senegal to the Philippines, with the largest number on the South Asian subcontinent. The most populous single Muslim-majority nation is Indonesia.The policing of Muslim communities in the name of sexuality comparison is now a globally organized phenomenon and one that has become even more pronounced by and by the events of September 11, 2001 when the United States began its War on Terror in response to the terrorist bombings of the World Trade amount of money and Pentagon. The policing is organized under the logic that there is an irreconcilable culture clash between the West and Islam with the latter(prenominal) bent on the Wests destruction. (Huntington 1997)They are tribal and stuck in pre-modernity, t he argument goes, possessing neither a commitment to military personnel rights, womens rights nor to democracy. It is the Wests obligation to defend itself from these values and to assist Muslims into modernity, by force if required, as the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq both underline. The body of the Muslim woman, a body xed in the occidental imaginary as conned, mutilated, and sometimes murdered in the name of culture, serves to reinforce the threat that the Muslim man is said to pose to the West and is used to justify the extraordinary measures of violence and surveillance involve to discipline him and Muslim communities.( Jiwani)THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN ISLAMSome scholars have argued that MPL cannot be effectively recognised and use by the South African government because Islamic law conflicts with sex equality. Since the height of the feminist bm in the late 70s, a magnifying glass has been placed over the status of Muslim women. Unfortunately, the magnifying glass used is a n unusual one. Unusual in the sense that it is highly selective about which items to magnify other items it distorts to much(prenominal) a degree that they no longer look familiar (Ellison, 2004). The image of Islam is portrayed (Khalid and Tucker, 19969) as the nerve of unmitigated oppression of women, as the foundation of a sexual activity system that categorically denies women equal rights and subjugates them to men, this recurs in the movies, magazines, and books of our popular culture as well as in much academic discourse. I bear that many rules, as they exist within the Muslim community, have been interpreted by males and, therefore, are patriarchal. However, it is unsaid to conclude that Islam itself is antipathetical to equality of the sexes.I exit briefly discuss the elevated position of women in Islam. In post-apartheid South Africa, women are only now really able to have their voices heard. The issue of gender equality has become central to the development of const itutional democracy in South Africa. But what is gender? It is usually described as the way society understands the differences between men and women. This can be blanket(a) to what can be identified or recognized as masculine or feminine in a socio-cultural sense.Gender is indeed socially constructed and determined by things such as culture and religion. It is in addition not fixed in time and place, and is, therefore, subject to change. In Islam it is important to note that the word gender has no corresponding current term in the Arabic language, the language of the Quran. The word gender is general, and theatrical role to men and women is made by the reference to the word sex, which is believed to be value free. The Quran bears evidence to the relinquish in its reference to the story of creation where it purposely employs gender neutral terms (Hassan, 1998). According to Seedat (2000), some of the concerns and experiences emerging from Muslim women are as follows * Women are often merely verbally informed by their husbands of their being divorced, without any sort of written legal documents* Imams often grant talaqs without any consultation with the wives * Women who elapse their lives cooking, cleaning and looking after the children, are often left destitute at the end of the marriage. Those who muster themselves financially dependent on their husbands, are unable to secure their own economic development, and are less(prenominal) likely to leave an unhappy or abusive marital relationship. * Many women also find it problematical to negotiate contracts due to the stigma attached, ie that she will be branded a modern Islamic feminist filled with western ideas.CONCLUSION internal violence is deep-rooted in many African societies Arab societies and etc, where wife beating is considered a prerogative of menand a purely national matter by the society. Domestic violence is one of the greatest barriers to ending the subordination of women. Women, for fear o f violence, are unable to refuse sex or negotiate safer sexual practices, thus increasing their vulnerability to HIV if their husbands are unfaithful. A more productive approach, it carry outms to me, is to ask how we might contribute to making the world a more just place.A world not organized around strategic military and economic demands a place where accredited kinds of forces and values that we may still consider important could have an appeal and where there is the peace necessary for discussions, debates, and transformations to occur within communities. We need to ask ourselves what kinds of world conditions we could contribute to making such that popular desires will not be overdetermined by an over whelming sense of helplessness in the face of forms of global injustice. Where we try on to be active in the affairs of distant places, can we do so in the nitty-gritty of support for those within those communities whose goals are to make womens lives better .REFERENCES a b c d e Moradian, Azad. Domestic Violence against Single and Married Women in Iranian Society. Tolerancy global. September 2009. Retrieved 16 Nov. 2011. Popularly referred to as the clash of civilizations, the phrase and the argument can be found in Huntington (1997) For critique and examination of its general inuence and appeal, see Said (2001). For a discussion of how the culture clash thesis inuences feminists see Razack (unpublished). For a discussion of how the Muslim womans body has been represented in the press post 911 see Jiwani (forthcoming). Abdo, Nahla, and Ronit Lentin, eds. Women and the Politics of Military ConfrontationPalestinian and Israeli Gendered Narratives of Dislocation. New York Berghahn Books, 2002. Abdullah, Ustaz Yoonus. Sharia in Africa. Ijebu-Ode, Nigeria Shebiotimo Publications, 1998. Abou El Fadl, Khaled. Speaking in Gods Name Islamic Law, Authority and Women. Oxford Oneworld Press 2001. Abu Lughod, Lila. Introduction womens rightist Longing and Postcol onial Conditions. In Lila Abu Lughod, ed., Remaking Women Feminism and modernism in the Middle East. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1998. Abu Lughod, Lila, ed. Remaking Women Feminism and Modernity in the Middle East. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1998. Abusharaf, Rogaia Mustafa. Revisiting Feminist Discourses on Infibulation Responses from Sudanese Feminists. In Bettina Shell-Duncan and Yvla Hernlund, eds., Female Circumcision in Africa Culture, Controversy andChange. boulder Lynne Reiner, 2000. Fadel M (1999) Two Women, One Man Knowledge, Power and Gender in Medieval Sunni Legal Thought, in International journal of Middle East Studies. Hassan SO (1998) Gender and Islamic Law, Some general observations on the Status of Women under Islamic law, paper delivered at Gender and Law workshop, World Bank. Hughes TP (1886) Marriage in Dictionary of Islam (1886), see also http// muslim- canada. org/marriaged iction . United Nations. The Beijing Declaration and the Platform f or Action, Fourth World Conference on Women, Beijing, China. UNDoc.DPI/1766/ Wom.1 12-113. New York United Nations, 1996. De Bruyn M. Violence related to pregnancy and abortion a violation of human rights. Sex Health Exch 2002 314-15. Heise LL, Raikes A, Watts CH and Zwi AB. Violence against women a neglected public health issue in less developed countries. Soc SciMed 1994 39(9) 1165-79. Molloy J. outcome war against women. CRLP sponsors workshop on violence against women in situations of armed conflict duringBeijing + 5 Regional Conference. ReprodFreedom News 2000 9(3) 2. Schreck Laurel. Turning point a special report on the refugee reproductive health field. InterFam Plann Persp 2000 26(4) 162-166. Girard F and Waldman W. Ensuring the reproductive rights of refugees and internally displaced persons legal and policy issues. Inter Fam Plann Persp 2000 26(4) 167-173. Nordstrom C. Catitas war. Development 2001 44(3) 30-5. Refugees International. Visual commissioning violence agains t women in Darfur, October 2004. http// www.urefugeesinternational.org/content/report/ detail/4329/ . Rath DG,Jarratt LG and Leonardson G. Rates of domestic violence against adult women by men partners. JAm BdFam Prac 1989 2227-233. Odimegwu Clifford O. Couple formation and domestic violence among the Tiv of Benue State,Nigeria. Paper presented at the International Colloquium Gender, Population and Develop- ment in Africa organised by UAPS, INED, ENSEA, IFORD, Abidjan 16-21 July 2001. Foster LA. South African experiences in fighting domestic violence. Sex Health Exch 2002 3 3-4. Brinkerhoff MB, Grandin E and Lupri E. Religious involvement and spousal violence the Canadian case. JSci StudyRel 1992 31(1) 15-31. Heise L, et al. Ending violence against women. Pop Reports Series L, No. 11. Baltimore Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Population Information Program, December 1999.
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