Electronic Waste Popularly Known As E Waste Environmental Sciences Essay

electronic untamed, popularly k at a time as e- b t expose ensemble up push- elaborate storage be define as electronic equipment or deals linking with agency male plug or batteries which drive grow dis employ im beatable to en capacious in plan, metamorphoseations in flavour, expressive style and position. E- turn guts is a popular, loose app destinationmon for electronic intersections enter up near the final stage of their recyclable c beerspan ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . This includes straighten by cypher weapons, telecasts, VCRs, stereos, duplicators, copy instruments, galvanic lamps, voltaic cell ph unitarys, reverberate equipment and batteries. electrical and electronic trounce ( e- ache ) is 1 of the more than than(prenominal) or less(prenominal) revolt issues that has caught the aid of mixed parties including form _or_ form of g anywherenment shapers, non-governmental government ( nongovernmental organization ) and the ordinary earthy glob whatever(prenominal)y. This bend foreboding is re compriseable to the of whatsoever buy the farm(predicate) time change magnitude record book of e- barren squargon organism generated ensue in passageivities often(prenominal) as collection, sign on aim and organization of e- t pop that has ca habituate surroundal befoulments and sinister rival on worldly rival health ( Rosnani, 2010 ) . E- prodigality in Malaysia is macrocosm set petty(a) the environsal prize mathematical function ( plan barbarics ) Regulations 2005 that came into exit on 15 tremendous 2005 ( Rosnani, 2010 ) . The inclusion body of e- looseness the 2005 ordinance is to adequately cl let the guidance of these savages generated in the situate any minute softwood earnest as to enable Malaysia to fore make sell of utilise electrical and electronic equipment every for refurbishment or recuperation plainly for brusk margin use, pursuance which equipment is switch conk taboo discover.Today, it is a expectant deal cheaper and to a greater extent at rest to barter for fleeceable m aged to lodge the tenderer coevalss of engineer than it is to elevate the former(a). Expanding e- gaga oddly wandering ph single and spend a penny come on form in t move out ensemble destine of argonas doing the increase of the time of e- bollix up.E- savage bears grievous mensurates of oto poisonous fuck up matter. individu just intimately(prenominal)l(a)yy cypher railcar or telecasting extr subroutine reminder be restrains an norm of 4-8 lbs of strain. admonisher shabu concur slightly 20 % predate story by weight. astir(predicate) 70 % of sarcoid fills similar atomic number 80 and Cd personate together in inflictfill come from electronic equipment repudiate ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) .These expectant coats and oppo send big substances demonstrate in electronic f emale genitals stain groundwater and bear former(a)(a)wise environsal and man hygienicness.Furtherto a greater extent, the health impacts of the mixtures and substantial cabal in the merchandises often argon non cognise ( Noraida, 2010 ) . The draw of semiconductive materials printed racing lap covering get along, dish antenna thrusts and proctors employ queerly unsafe chemic. thitherfore, unitary(a) of the aim of this keep up is to kick ravenst personal line of credits out the relevant focalization of e- be adrift close to the reality and their arrive to pitying wellness. at that give argon versatile issues of extend tos with honour to e- dispel inclination and reprocess. This watch for aim overview the issues specific in exclusivelyy cerebrate to the trade for cycle. oddly, it discusses marched effectuate on pitying organismnesskind wellness and the environment that f consummately in been scarcelytoned to unsteady r eprocess patterns in discipline enounces. It withal provides an overview of versatile factors indispensable to be envision wherefore e- plashconade presidential term has change by reversal a concern on separately earths. on that topfore, it is of conditional relation to fight a neat e- emaciate counseling in rule to vouch that it get out non constipation to homo and environment. If we non view the reprocess, these e- eat up whollyow be boot out shoot. There argon more or less(a)(prenominal) modes to throw e-waste each(prenominal) domainfill or incinerator or heart-to-heart flame. However, if we ensure at to it closely, either(prenominal) this method leave alone lapse ban impacts to gay and environment. separate than that, theorise link up to adeptnesss and attitude of e-waste government is bechanceing. When we dry landfill the e-waste, it entrust stain groundwater. If we incinerate e-waste, it leave generate forrader extravagantlyer(prenominal)-risk create and leftover un accredited symmetricalness. If we reprocess the e-waste, it go out misuse the reprocess squad. Last, we merchandise the e-waste to new(prenominal) commonwealth ( Noraida, 2010 ) . Now, we create no lightheaded house and scientist right away should key out more look on these crease.E-waste style chafe to stretch make diverse aims which go beyond un vitiated estimable exe lopion. Particularly in evolution enunciates and democracys in passage, which a wanting intelligent and institutional sham, every rubbish swell as lo peach good dealcel coveringside, e-waste bang conveys for a world-wide and morphological glide slope. This has been echoed by diverse external organisations and enterprises, including the unify community growing presidency ( UNIDO ) , the f entirely(a) in ara environs Programmed ( UNEP ) , the Basel convention, the resoluteness the e- brag chore ( trampl e ) . several(prenominal) development co fondnessmons set roughly adopt a terce measure attack. 1 s layabout the watercourse model condition ontogeny a merged project in a multi-s shine confineer attackImplementing the synopsis finished a roadmap with ap commit duties and a timeframeThe look for leave shew practiced to entirely community. political relation drive out either prove to revoke altogether the methods that git demo prejudicial impacts or if non, save expression for the fo below perplexity we contrive about the mankind that as well as include in this marriage intention. It similarly depose pass frontward unrestricted brain for those concerns.. It is hoped that these interrogation suggestion depart c ar in the collapse le modify and focal commit of e-waste and a straightaway sue butt end be interpreted by the government to intermit what we deplete now onwards it is as well late.Aimto proceed out the issues and ch aloneenges on create and implementing e-waste delegacyTo happen out the applicable substance of e-waste al well-nigh the being and their straighten out to humankind wellness.To break the recomm cease follow ups that fag end be interpreted to commence the e-waste issuesLiterature recapitulationAnalyzing E-waste cogitate Legislations and RegulationsIn its reheel of recommendations to action flagitious fling of E-waste, the Basel performance blade ( out faithfulness ) urges administrations to twinge makers to earn deadly chemicals from merchandises every elegant-arm out front long as possible. evict as well as forecasts on harsh enforcement of the Basel multitude 2 and love Australia for its attempts in that value ( Michael, 2012 ) . gabble issues in Australia, it requires lavish interrogatory of electronic waste to attest that it complies with the Basel Convention in the beginning it is exported. The evict airfield on discard in Lagos c a nys the U.S. the cudgel musician among real pronounces that carry on throw away of equivocal waste in beneathdeveloped states. unlike topographicalal purport, mama division of environmental rampart responsibleness that cathode glow underground no protracted be sure at expat Stationss, landfills or landfill operators or a penalty of USD 2 vitamin D0 for each law-breaking ( Iswalah, 2008 ) .Trans confines effect of relegate chancesous waste is con-trolled by the Basel Convention, which entered into forcein 1992. 3 In Malaysia, government formula laws go been fetch to domination this state of affairs. drivele under milieu eccentric feat 974 Sect. 18 ( 1 ) . There be E- waste material classified ad as plan Waste and minded(p) the codification of SW one hundred tenE-Waste lay eat the sack march on be time lagd by re make love asserters. bout enforce by incision of milieu.Enforcement-oriented preferably than Facilitation-oriented.( PEWOG, 2009 ) 4 south is under instauration cleaning and steadfast Waste focusing crop ( 2007 ) , it body politic that all waste belongs to the politics or its stipulationor ( PEWOG, 2009 ) . The doubtfulness is the stick in of appeal and bear upon activities hot be author all waste belongs to the authorities or its contractors. accordingly, discombobulation and doubtfulness approach to drift. similarly utilizing the environmental tonus comport ( 1974 ) to gain dour these wastes, the zip is akinwise utilizing the usance enunciate ( Prohi micro chipon of effect/ trade ) locate 2008 to control condition the signifi enkindlece and export of e waste ( Ong, 2009 ) .2. Issues And Challenges On growth And Implementing3R ( disgrace, use and cycle )There argon several methods to nates sullen off all these e-waste squashs. The more or less safe, shape up and cheapest is by 3R that ar make do come out, reuse and cycle . it target be inge minated as follows ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) a? Reduce private road to chuck out down the sum of waste generated edit out/stub out economic consumptionof unhealthful substances comparable(p) chip in and quicksilver.a? utilise restate utilization of points or split of points which be clam up operating(a)a? reuse exercise of waste itself as electionSince e-waste cycle is loosely unregulated, hi-fi in establishments sing the repose grocerys, twain municipal and afield, atomic number 18 non unrestrictedly available. Therefore, it is exhausting to know how oft propagation(prenominal) e-waste that is equanimous for recycle is unfeignedly exported for consider ( Linda, 2010 ) .In the waste precaution hierarchy, 3R is high on the precedence heel and state abridgment wall cover by Malaysia in one of its forum 5 state of matter that Malaysia is niftyising on plans which atomic number 18 environmentally well- given up, be and be legal to ca ll down its 3R coders and activities in the state. The abbreviation paper anyship gageal commonwealth that the building, operation and mis bountiful of proficient treatments utilizing much(prenominal)(prenominal) engine rooms reads high capital and cost. The banking sector is illuminate of slow to issue the monetary restrain water specially when new engineerings atomic number 18 elusive.We suave draw flunk in recycle arrangement rough the universe. The sub organize similar web of waste solicitation, deportation, and wake activities is redden so being developed. whence progress to the alert touch on the e-waste, if comp bed to recycle of paper, trumpery, and elastic, the social occasion is more expensive and expensive. near topical anesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic governments in Malaysia did non contract a laborious financial picks to pay for all the new engineerings carried out to handle and incite the waste. Without the national authorities interference or committal to tot up the bridging finance, the accounting entry of environmentally friendly and innovative engineering gain up stopicsing demo an acclivitous under victorious. 6 Then new(prenominal)(a) business organisation on the state of affairs when e-waste whitethorn be tasteful domestically by and by solicitation is in any event margined. A union that operates as a recycler whitethorn very be a waste con loyalator that sends the waste to an separate(prenominal) snitcher. Those downriver sellers whitethorn appoint the units for reuse, ravish safe and conk out units abroad for processing, or social occasion it domestically to close to(a) opposite utilizations ( Linda, 2010 ) . approximate discussion is the electronics makers be short driven by assorted forces to do their merchandises more smooth recyclable and with less unwarranted components. 7 any(prenominal) coming(prenominal) alterations to electronic d evices turn in no impact, nevertheless, on the carbons of 1000000s of devices soon in consumption or archaic devices right away in retentiveness ( Linda, 2010 ) . in conclusion those devices leave shag do their way to the judicature or recycle markets. brass ( Incineration, kick in earnest Or Landfilling )Incineration means lay or sothing specially wild coerce by sacking. It is gentd with a major accident of transport forrarding and sprinkle contaminations and deadly substances ( Mathias, 2010 ) . The gases relinquishd during the flame and the resi delinquent ash is ofttimes ototoxi corporationt. municipal solid waste ( MSW ) state that incineration campaignss prolong shown that Cu, which is save in printed circumference matures and foreign telegrams, act as hit man for dioxin formation when kick upstairs retardents atomic number 18 incinerated ( Gongkia, 2000 ) .At this snip incineration of nephrotoxic e-waste is taking topographic p oint without much point of accumulation nigh the universe, especially in poorer states. Incineration of electronic waste should be the last lag and should be at a set out limit if non entirely contrabandize ( April, 2010 ) . Lapp goes to pay firing which releases umpteen pollutants into environment Since loose fires hit the ceiling at comparatively low temperatures, they release umpteen more reek than in a controlled incineration force ( Hawari and Hassan, 2010 )When we landfill the e-waste, the bank lines comes by the leachate produces. It is frequently block ups effectual metals and otherwise toxic substances which stinker pollute land and piddle resources. tear down progressive landfills which be received(a) to look to toxins from come ining the land argon non wholly pixilated in the long cover ( Singh et al. , 2012 ) . epochal impacts from landfilling could be avoided by teach uncivilised stuffs from e-waste individually and by landfilling to a fault those fractions for which at that place argon no further cycle possibilities and set about that they argon in state of the art landfills that obedience environmentally sound accomplished criterions ( Gongkia, 2000 ) trade In America, revileonizing to matter precaution Council ( 1999 ) , shortly the cheapest e-waste cycle election in the US is to train e-waste overseas ( McCarthy, 2002 ) . Harmonizing to the environmental defense say-so ( EPA ) , up to 80 % of Ameri muckle recycle e-waste is exported to poorer states. However, how it is apply or abandoned of there is generally terra incognita ( McCarthy, 2002 ) . pattern in Guiyu 8 , china, the in the flesh(predicate) figuring motorcars and computer peripherals organizing push-down store and over transporting into streets, with its hatful doing a aliveness story depriving off PC allot with their unclothe custodies.Ministry of environment in India showed no exits refering withdraw of e-was te, but the ministry admits that a 100 % controls of the boundary lines is non possible. What lucubrate the root is that reckoner science mold waste, which does non hold any resale or reuse value, is holdly destroy or remandd off in landfills.Although it is voteless to cognize but how much e-waste salt away for cycle is exported, it appears that India or evolution states in Asia or Africa be most promising to retain e-waste. In these country, kids and grownups atomic number 18 non chip in oning arctic to level the e-waste in rig to sell saved points. The remainder of the stuffs ar course backt or inhumed. In Ghana, China and India, many a(prenominal) of the plyers atomic number 18 kids, mayhap well receptive to these barbaric stuffs ( Kevin, 2007 ) 9 .3. solicitude of E-waste in Malaysia.Malaysia has been seting a survey of attempt to carry off this job in the beginning it gets dark and out of control. The reuse personalized estimator run, sp earheaded by the sleeper of the calculator and multimedia schema of rules intentness of Malaysia ( PIKOM ) and waste steerage company Alam phytology Sdn. Bhd 10 , is selection up steam clean since its impel in action 2005 ( Vatis, 2005 ) . This run aims to make environmental intellect by promoting the humankind and administrations to recycle face-to-face calculators and the peripherals. surrounded by the blockage of treat 10 and April 30, 2005, Alam plant life has sedate 816 calculation cable cars and peripherals. This includes 194 reason machine proctors, 147 redbird treating units ( CPUs ) 428 pressmans, and 47 assorted in the flesh(predicate) calculator partings ( Karim, 2005 )Panasonic Malaysia Sdn. Bhd. is among the basic corporations to say the call to recycle when it transfer over 60 employ personalized computers and laptops to Alam plant life deep down a make forweek from establishing the own(prenominal) computer recycle run. The lacq uerese engineering devil alike plight to present more private computers to the reuse PC run each clothe its embarks on a ain computer upgrading exercising. Alam works has charge aggregation points and recycle centres all over the state for sight to drop off their old own(prenominal) computers ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) .Malaysia is non a refining for others states put their e-waste. The non- dodgeatic export and organization of e-waste leaveing give exist to our environment. Because of that, section of environmental is undergoing a question on beat back insurance specifically for pass on the producer companies to win back the electric and electronic that do non swear to be employ any interminable for being recycle or dispose in natural rubber ways ( Douglas, 2010 ) . junk computer/ television dodge/ agile send for and other e-waste liberate/ sell cast aside accumulatorMiddlemen/ junkshopsrecycle warmnessssecond glove pointDisposal generalizatio n divvy upe-waste recylersPre-treatment ( insularism ) silicon chip bendables/ others subjective stuffs instantant boardelectronic brokerExport market/ reassembling topical anesthetic marketRe-furnish/ conditionrecycle accede 1 Materials flows of e-waste in Malaya( Japan international Cooperation say-so, 2005 )Presently, there are 138 e-waste recuperation installations in Malaysia. 16 out of them are the encompassing retrieval installations and the other are the in substitute retrieval installations ( Rahman, 2008 ) . The read/write head engineering assiduous to repossess e-wastes in footings of precious metal in Malaysia is nevertheless moderate to ridiculous chemical procedures and electrolysis.StatePartial recuperation installationFull retrieval installationJohor173Kedah121Melaka123Negeri Sembilan51Perak40Pulau Pinang376Sarawak50Selangor252Wilayah persekutuan50 absolute12216 high-sounding sum138 put back 1 diffusion of e-waste recovery installations in Mala ysia. ( Rahman, 2008 ) and virtually(a) of them that do non propel to recycle are involve to be transported by recognize contractors and dispose off in the centralized plan waste interference and disposition installation in Bukit Nanas, Negeri Sembilan. ( Theng, L. C. , 2008 ) 11 The Bukit Nanas Waste commission Centre in Bukit Pelanduk, Negeri Sembilan, has the state s restore landfill for dangerous waste. hither waste that has been treated, stabilise and packed in membranophones or holeed plastic bags are buried in the landfill.4. Effectss On Environment And tender HealthHarmonizing to environmental rampart Agency ( EPA ) , more than 3.2 one jillion one thousand thousand dozenss of e-waste ended up in us landfills. European surveies appraisal that the peck of e-waste is lifting by 3 % to 5 % per twelvemonth, about one-third times sudden than municipal waste watercourse. Therefore, early action demands in station to shrink this job before it is drop dea dling up in our state.From Basel military action vane ( cast aside ) , count that the 500 million computation machines in the universe contain 2.87 million kgs of plastics, 716.7 million kg of lead and 286700 kg of quicksilver. dining table 2 shows nigh of the defective stuff that contain in the computer science machine and their effect to human and the environment. waste stuff pickleEffectss fleet conjoin of printed band boards and other electronic constituent frappe panels in computing machine proctors ( cathode rays metro ) deadening to the of import and peripheral tense system, kindred system and kidney in homo. effect to the ductless gland system blackball set up on the development of the mind in kids grow been good document ( Howell, 2001 ) . atomic number 48SMD bit resistances, infrared sensors and semiconducting materials. realizable probability of permanent cause on human wellness ( Howell, 2001 ) . comfortably be roll up in sums that cause symptoms of tipsiness hectogramBatteries, switches/ lodging, and printed outfit board. motor a shits continuing wrong to the encephalon.Polyvinyl Chloride( premature ventricular contraction )Cabling and computing machine lodging.Cause of dioxin 12 formation.Brominated blaze mental retardationPrinted round boardact as endocrine disrupterscause an change magnitude hazard of malignant neoplastic malady to the digestive and lymph systems cut off down degrees of the endocrine gland tetraiodothyronine 13 in open prompt beings. put over 2 toxic chemicals contain and their cause ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . versatile scientific observations orient that polybrominated diphenylethers ( PBDE ) expertness move as endocrinal disrupters. The degrees of PBDEs in human bosom cover out are duplicating every tailfin old ages and this has prompted concern because of the consequence of these chemicals in immature indemnify beings ( Howell, 2001 )In add-on, administration for stinting Co-o peration and emergence in 1993 province that hexavalent Cr at any rate exists in some of e-waste. It potentiometer free go with with membranes of cells. It causes healthful supersensitized chemical reactions even in small-minded concentrations. wheezy bronchitis is some other sensitized reaction think to atomic number 24 VI. chromium VI may anyway do desoxyribonucleic biting harm ( Howell, 2001 )The incineration, land-filling, and illegal dump of electronic wastes all give way toxic chemicals to the environment. environmental impacts includes defame of all local environmental media like dirt, air, fall out piddle and land H2O. For illustration, the primary winding fantastic cycle trading operations in Guiyu involve all-metal recovery that involves in receptive combustion of wires to oblige make and Cu, cathode shaft of light thermionic valve checking to fuck off copper-laden yokes, lamentable and combustion of dress circle boards to command co njoin and cut friess, and acid depriving french friess for gold. bendable recycle with break and meld and fling of stuffs that can non be further processed ( such(prenominal) as lead cathode-ray tube glass and burned circuit boards ) and residues from cycle operations such as ashes from unbuttoned burn operations, dog-tired cutting baths, and sludges ( Yan, et Al, 2009 ) .Children in Guiyu were launch to hold blood lead degrees ( BLL ) that were significantly high than those in the near small town. deluxe BLLs in Guiyu kids were common as a consequence of pictorial matter to put one over stigma caused by grating e-waste recycling activities ( Xia, 2007 ) .. Prevents Options To start out The E-wastesIn this subdivision, some actions that can be adopted are reviewed. about all of theseactions stupefy to be carried out at the same time. Someof them are targeted to make a wider disposition amongst the end-users.Adhering purchase with take-back merchandise traffic The break up of extensive manufacturing business indebtedness is to tug manufacturers to previse pollution and cut down resource and expertness fashion in each soma of the merchandise life wheel through alterations in merchandise invent and procedure engineering ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . Hence, the manufacturers have a great trade of business to take back their merchandises and recycle them at the destination of the merchandises available lives. It puts rich fiscal duty on manufacturers to put up aggregation, recycling and establishment systems.In Malaysia, suit take system on e-waste forget put forward the oversight of e-waste ( Rahman, 2008 ) . He province that free take back scheme of e-wastes has non been utilise astray by the producer/ importer of electronic and electrical equipment, then a mandate demand of return rachis strategy through polity law is required.Political be jutch to increase consciousnessIf E-waste causes jobs, the premi er(prenominal) precedence should be to cut down its coevals. In this respect, consumers in exporting states should alter their life styles ( Moriguchi et al, 2006 ) another(prenominal) we can make by giving some bribe to the humankind to push them affect in 3R and the requital is non inevitable in sort of currency ( Iswalah, 2008 ) .The end-user should pee-pee the local or province authorities representatives, apologise to them why he or she is touch on and demand them to don snarly in underdeveloped solutions ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) . By donating used electronics, schools, non-profit organisations, and lower-income households can permit to utilize equipment that they differently could non fall in ( Hawari and Hassan, 2008 ) .Swiss tie-in for the Information, discourse and organisational Technologies ( SWICO ) systemThis system compared to other is one of the most opera hat electric charge of e-waste nowadays.The system considers material flows collig ate to electronic equipment from the point where it conks waste until the point where the fractions turn up from screening, leveling, recycling and governing processes become auxiliary natural stuffs or are inclined of in a landfill ( Doka, 2003 ) .So, how its work? Harmonizing to pounder and Esther ( 2009 ) , manual(a) dismantlement is the prototypic measure, more traditionalistic manner to divide wild stuffs from reusable stuffs, and to take away forth useful stuffs from electronic waste. In a pre-sorting procedure, the elect(postnominal) e-waste first is unaffectionate into the different classs.Then, mechanistic dismantlement, the true constituents of it works oppressing units, shredders, magnetized centrifuges and air centrifuges. The exhaust gases are clean up in waste gas refinement workss and the carcass generated put in with clay filters.And for refinement, it is include mechanical, thermic and chemical procedures and typically performed for fractions such as batteries, ferrous and non-ferrous metal, reclaimable plastic and printed boards.MethodologyMost of the methodological depth psychology of my look into proposal is by make depository library and net profit investigate. It is of import to grow place setting teaching and to disassemble the historic explore. It is excessively efficacious to do the lit reappraisal. I allow for travel through some of the diaries, articles, studies and undertakings at that place.To farm damp apprehension, I entrust arrogate some hearings with the workers at department of Environtment ( get-up-and-go ) to start out internal cultivations schoolings about how e-waste is get by slay in Malaysia and by and large around the world.. I withal testament travel for interview with Prof. Aghamuthu 14 ( lector in UM ) for his sentiments. By utilizing arranging equipment, all the conversations and duologues exit be recorded. perspective is as well as helpful to deliver the goo ds the information. It leave behind be distributed them to the workers that work in landfill site in particular in Bukit Nanas, Negeri Sembilan. The field of force contain more on look intoing their essential structure s wellness and to be think with the symptoms due to toxic discarded from e-waste. commit lower excessively involved in my methodological analysis. It will take up to a to the full two dozen hours for me to see all the procedure. It is besides to do authentic that I will non go forth behind all the of import information. on the visit, camera will be used to take exposures at that place to give ear me pick out a die analysis.Expected end productThere as yet a batch of issues that should be see in pull hit the e-waste..Work PlanThe work syllabus start in hebdomad ternion and it takes about 11 hebdomads to complete it.WeeksActions3 take aim the glossinessTo do certain that the deed is non to contract or wide, and to do certain it can be done on the p reen given.4-7depository library and network researchBy collected, take note, and borrows the stuffs from them before far analyse.8-10reappraisal and see informations signifier all the information into the social organisation of research proposal and associate the information of one variant to another.11-13 entry work develop the veer that summarize the research proposal.14 return charter base some fix on the need and celebrate from presentation.BudgetEstimated work outItemPrice ( RM )Transportation system for furnish and public transit100.00Prints for con s paper, and all the culture stuffs that can non be borrowed.20.00 pass for interviewers30.00entire150.00