The role language plays in teaching and learning

The role actors line plays in didactics and cultureThe role that actors line plays in the precept and encyclopedism of math is one of some of the important debates in the current books in maths education. In this chapter, I review literatures related to this hear, giving ill-tempered attention to the manner in which teachers engage students in the exploration of numeric concepts and procedures, in order to explore diametric and existing kinds of patterns of interaction spy in multilingual mathematics classroom in reciprocal ohm Africa.Aspects reviewed imply the following sub-headings Linguistic situation in southbound Africa Teaching and encyclopedism mathematics in multilingual classrooms in South Africa Does speech communication wallop instruction and learnedness of mathematics? And the role of the teacher and Learner amour in classroom discourse.LITERATURE REVIEWLinguistic situation in South AfricaPost-apartheid South Africas new constitution of 1993/1996 em braced language as a human right and multilingualism as a national resource, raising get a line Afri open fire languages to national official status alongside, English and Afrikaans (Hornberger Vaish, 2009). This has conduct to multicultural student populations in classrooms, schools and universities nationwide. The Language in education insurance that was adopted in 1997 recognises all eleven official languages. fit in to this policy, learners take the right to study in any of the official languages of their choice (Department of Education, 1997). fit in to Hornberger Vaish (2009), South Afri domiciliate scholars have documented ideologies favouring English in moody Afri seat communities of South Africa. She get along claims that Zulu, Xhosa or other Black agnate demands for English-medium instruction for their children atomic number 18 fuelled by the perception and reality of English as language of power parents are simultaneously drawn to English by it hegemonic sta tus and away from mother tongue education by a deep suspicion born of apartheid. I have seen in my fuck as a learner and a teacher, parents taking away their kids from t acceptships schools to creator Model C schools where English is the most dominant language. The study do by Setati (2008), revealed that learners and teachers preferred English as the language of learning and didactics (LolT) and that learners and teachers choice of language was informed by the fact that English provides rise to power to social goods such as higher education, employment, etc.Teaching and learning mathematics in multilingual classrooms in South AfricaPrevious and current studies on teaching and leaning in multilingual classrooms have indicated that teaching and learning in multilingual classroom is very complex. Barwell (2009) describes multilingual classrooms by separateing these classrooms are considered to be multilingual if 2 of more(prenominal) languages are use overtly in the conduct of classroom business. And mathematics classrooms are also considered to be multilingual if students use two or more languages to do mathematics.There is a continuing debate regarding which language should be utilise for teaching mathematics in multilingual classrooms in which incomplete the teachers nor the learners main language is English which is the LoLT in their schools (Setati, Molefe Langa, 2008). This is typical situation in South African classrooms teachers and learners come to classrooms with different levels of proficiency in two or more languages other than English and yet are not proficient in English. The investigate done by Setati, Chitera Essien (2009) shows that teachers in these classrooms impertinence a major task of having to teach mathematics and English at the same time, while learners have to cope with learning mathematics, as a discipline of intimacy and also as a way of communicating, in English, a language that they are still learning. This research also claims that this places spare demands on mathematics teachers in multilingual classrooms and their learners who learn mathematics in a language that is not their home language.Does language impact teaching and learning of mathematics?The importance and the impact of language in learning and teaching of mathematics has long been acknowledged by the research literature (Howie 2002, 2003, 2004 Boulet 2007 Essien 2010 Barwell 2009 Setati 2008). Based on her analyses of the poor performance of South African learners in the mathematics component of the Third International Mathematics and Science determine (TIMSS), Howie (2002, 2003, 2004) suggested that the linchpin factor responsible for the poor performance by South African learners was due to the low proficiency in English language and she suggested a solution to this could only be to develop the learners English language proficiency. Furthermore she argues that pupils who speak the language that is used in assessments more fre quently, are likely to attain higher scores on mathematics. And if their language proficiency is higher, the learners are likely also to attain higher scores in Mathematics. Say moreThe role of the teacher and Learner participation in classroom discourseCurrent political program initiatives in mathematics exclaim for the development of classroom communities that take communication about mathematics as a central management. In these proposals, numeral discourse involving explanation, argumentation, and defence of numeric ideas becomes a defining feature of quality classroom experience (Anthony Walshaw, 2008).According to Boulet (2007) researchers in mathematics education agree and raise teachers to involve learners in mathematical discussions, as communication is essential to the learning of mathematics. Specifically from the panorama of mathematics learning, by articulating the principles, concepts and rationale stinker the steps of a point problem solution, students have the opportunity to reinforce and deepen their understanding of higher-level knowledge structures in mathematical content.Furthermore, Moschokvich (1999) maintains that the important functions of productive classroom are reveal the mathematical content in student contribution and bringing different ways of talking and point of views into contact. She supercharge explains that in many mathematics classrooms, students are no longer primarily grappling with acquiring proficient vocabulary, developing comprehension skills to read and understand mathematics textbooks or solvent standard word problems. But students are now expected to introduce in both verbal and written practice such as explaining solution process, describing conjectures, proving conclusions and presenting arguments.However, there are voicelessies or drawbacks that can make it difficult for communication to run smoothly in classrooms. This can definitely forestall learners from accessing important aspects and concep ts of mathematics or voicing their ideas. Most of our learners are not speaking English as their first language, whereas English is used as a medium of instruction in our schools, therefore a focus on correction of vocabulary or grammatical errors in what students say and the variety of ways that students who are learning English do can become problematic in learners mathematics acquisition.Now, the question is what do teachers do or can do in situations like this, to ensure and encourage learner participation in classroom?New curricula demands a dole out from teachers. Worldwide, policy makers are placing increasing demands on schools and their teachers to use effective research-informed practices. The study done by Essien (2010) reveals that, in any classroom, the teacher plays a key role in the management of the communication in the classroom. He further argues that well-structured questions (unlike procedural questions requiring procedural answers) can provoke extended confabu lation in the classroom, thereby creating opportunity for meaningful participation by learners. Furthermore, the study shows that the teachers mightiness to draw on learners linguistic resource one of which is structuring questions to allow learners to sufficiently express their thinking, is therefore important in creating a classroom purlieu where learners are effectively participating in the creation of and fostering of their own knowledge. Walshaw Anthony (2009) maintain this by arguing that effective teachers facilitate classroom dialogue that is focused towards mathematical argumentation. They solve more on this by verbalize that students need to be taught how to articulate sound mathematical explanations and how to justify their solutions. Furthermore, advance the use of oral, written and concrete representation, effective teachers model the process of explaining and justifying, channelize students into mathematical conventions.THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKIn this study, I use the create of Jina and Bridie (2008) as a theoretical framework to take the work on patterns of interaction observed in South African classrooms further by explaining learner participation and teacher-learner interaction in classroom discourse. The motive behind the choice of this theoretical framework is that this study was done in South African schools on the topic Teacher questions and patterns of interactions in the new and onetime(a) curriculum. The study reveals that two patterns of interaction emerged, namely, funnelling and leading through a method.This study also expanded more on teacher speculative and how teacher questions can support learners thinking. Chin (2006) supports this argument by saying that questioning is a prominent feature of classroom talk. Teacher questioning should be in such a way that elicit what learners think, to encourage them to elaborate on their previous answers and ideas, to help learners construct conceptual knowledge. Thus, questioning is us ed to diagnose and extend learners ideas and to scaffold learners thinking.Campbell Erdogan (2008) claim that teacher questions can scatter the flow of what is going on in the learners mind, so that the learners attention can be focused on instructional objectives. However, they claim that if used appropriately, teachers questions can engage learners in the vicinity of instructional objectives, help move instructional objects to the forefront of students attention, and promote learner translation and processing of instructional objectives.However, the privation of this study is that it does not take the forms of listening the teacher uses during classroom discourse. As I have discussed in chapter 1 of this study that, Davies (1997) outlines three forms of listening, and further argues that listening is a very powerful tool and should be used to foster teaching and learning of mathematics. Listening to others explanations gives learners opportunities to develop their own understan dings. By listening to others, learners can become aware of alternative perspectives and strategies.Concluding remarksIn this study I have discussed the difficulties of learning and teaching mathematics in multilingual classrooms.As Setati and Adler (2001) claimThere are numerous, distinct mathematical discourses that require navigation at the same time. Moving between language and discourses in moments of practice is significant challenge for mathematics education research and practice. These arise out of the South African context and have particular(prenominal) relevance in the current educational debates in South Africa. trilingual mathematics classrooms are, however, an increasing urban phenomenon in many other counries. (p.244) curt is known about how educators experience and implement a new curriculum and instruction in contrast to what they used to know and apply. It remains iridescent what kinds of teacher knowledge are necessary to support and facilitate learning mathema tics in a setting where main language of the teacher and pupils differs and where the language of instruction and teaching methods makes it difficult for mathematical discourses that promote conceptual understanding.

Human resource management is a vital tool in any organization

tender-hearted imagination management is a indispensable tool in from each one organizationHRM wayHuman resource management is a snappy tool in every organization. Employees are vital assets of these organizations if their goals, targets and aims are to be met. If properly managed and taken billing of, employees whitethorn well contribute to an organizations improvement and success using their ad hoc capacities and knowledge. The main ch exclusivelyenge facing HR managers in gloveling and administering employees is that each person has their peculiar(prenominal) characteristics and capacities which must be slumped in form with the prevailing operating environment at bottom the organization. The organizations must consider likewise the behavior of the employees colleagues and superiors in order to promote a smo other(a) and to a greater design efficient operative relationship. I would like to argue in this cover that galore(postnominal) current homosexual resource m anagement practices are of attention to the unsalted adults inclineing for the first time, albeit these practices may still be improved.Who we leave hire?Browsing through researches and studies, I shake off noticed that a critical factor in tender-hearted resources management is hiring the right multifariousness of persons for each position. Out of the dozens or even hundreds or so appli piece of assts who passed their resumes to the HR office, only a few of them managed to pass the written and/or oral exams, get to be interviewed by a panel, and get a slot in an organization. But even hiring them may not be an assurance that a firm/organization got the person up to the challenges of his position, depending on his big businessman to relate well with colleagues, has the ability to deliver amid hold outs which may swipe in the maneuverplace. More importantly is to ensuring the stay of an employee. As pointed out in various studies such as those of (Calvasina, Calvasina, Ca lvasina, 2008), fresh graduates may face problems related sexual harassment, racial disagreement and similar issues brought on by unethical behavior by colleagues and even superiors. Determining these factors is important especially when hiring fresh graduates who may or may not abide any functional experience related with their courses. Browsing through Calvasina et.al (2008) reckon reveals that some politics agencies such as the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) have filed charges against firms suspected of harassing their first time young employees. In addition, the EEOC has withal conducted seminars orient young adults on their rights as employees and even engaging with employers to provide a conducive environment for young adults to be employed for the first time.Calvasina et.al (2008) besides cites several judicatory decisions pertaining to sexual harassment occurring in various states. The learning had concerning sexual harassment of young employees b y some of their older colleagues. Specifically, many cases ended in payment of damages, attendance of seminars or out of court settlements. Some of these incidents involved older employees asking for sex, or sexual favors from young and hotly-minted colleagues for some periods of time. Many of the firms were also acc intentd of inadequate and slow action at law in resolving these cases. At the studys end, Calvasina, et.al (2008) concluded that while many employers have agreed to conduct trainings on sexual harassment among their employees, it is still vital that these trainings be formally done and documented, the trainings should be expanded to include other forms of harassment, the trainings be followed up by refresher courses, and personnel handling the trainings should be qualified. The EEOC also came out with a series of guidelines for employers aimed at preventing workplace discrimination against young workers (Cavasina, et.al 2008) These include facilitating employer-young worker interaction, encouraging various modes for young employees to pushover complains on harassment and discrimination, formulation of a organizational constitution dealing with harassment and discrimination issues, publicly and defecately enunciating such policy to all employees, and conducting training sessions for supervisors on harassment/discrimination prevention. The commission also encourages employers to pee out to parents of young employees so that they can be better assured on workplace issues which may involve their childrenRelated to this issue is the policy on affirmative action which may impact younger colored, Latino and white employees. With racial concerns still underlying employment issues, it is important for firms to adjudicate balancing its employee population based on color. At the same time, it is vital that this proportioning be done according to merit. If there are cases of discrimination, firms may pile pertinent policies based on affirmative action. I also count that the EEOCs policy on discrimination and harassment may be employ to issues on affirmative action specifically on employer-employee communication and a clear policy on merit-based affirmative action.Human Resources Hiring intend and maturationIt is also important for HR managers to critically consider the hiring, planning and maturation processes corollary to acquiring and retaining new employees. It is during these processes when an organization gets new manpower, bugger off their skills according to their specific capabilities and at the same time, craft specific measures aimed at streamlining military personnel resource management. However because these processes also entails costs and time, organizations must be able to enumerate beforehand the HRs drives and requirements.Ivancevich (2009) points out specific characteristics of the current HRM system such as emphasis on action, focus on individual employees, ability to adjust with global employmen t conditions and capability to foresee potential changes in how things are being run. This dynamic paradigm necessitates critical analysis among HR practioners if their respective units are to survive in the current competitive world.Citing experiences from the accommodating sector, freewoman (1993) details ship canal by which an organization can develop a systematic counselling of developing long term plans for HR management. In her study Freeman suggests that a management formulate a long-term human resources plan in line with the organizations strategic plans.The human resources plan should be able to address the employees long term goals, requirements and needs, their harvesting opportunities, employees placement considerations, the organizations hiring and promotion practices, as well as legal matters. Freeman adds the management can formulate such plans by conducting consultation sessions withlabour, where both sides can follow-up each others perspectives on the issue.A quantitative review of employees cognitive process can be made to assess their capabilities in fall of current human resources practices of the organization. Ivancevich (2009) also discusses the importance of planning and development in human resources practices. In the context of considering HRM as a profit center, human resource managers should solve related issues according to the profit-oriented paradigm, assessing and interpreting costs/benefits of HR issues, and formulating planning models to empirically determining viability in attaining goals, among other tasks. (Ivancevich, 2009)In terms of attaining goals, Ivancevich (2009) points out companies are primarily suggested to implement intra-organizational reforms. These include producing well trained and highly-motivated employees, improving job happiness among the employees, achieving a balanced quality of work life mix, mitigating negative effects of change and compelling faster processes within the organization. In or der for firms to accomplish most if not all of these goals, companies should be able to develop a systematic way by which organizations can promote well-planned and highly organized HR practices.Ivancevich (2009) explains organizations should clearly enunciate their HR strategy, policies and procedures. Doing so will enable them to know what will be their farce in human resources(i.e. retaining old employees vs. hiring new employees) and how these will be specifically implemented. The first major step will be determining employee satisfaction with their advancement/growth opportunities. Organizations may conduct surveys among them. The management may use the results from the surveys to craft changes in HR policies if possible. Then they can formulate ways (procedures) to implement these revised policies.Ivancevich (2009) also tells HR specialists and managers of the other important factors establishment HR hiring, planning and development phases. First, they must consider the size and extent of the HR department. The larger this unit is, it has to a greater extent(prenominal) manpower and resources to implement systematic, clear and objective HR practices according to specific sectors. Secondly, HR managers and operational managers need to work together in order for the practices to be smoothly implemented. However, Ivancevich himself admits that relationships amid the two kinds of managers have not always been smooth due to their differing views on operations and concepts.Ivancevich (2009) also points out that the increase of Generation Y or young employees born in relatively recent decades may affect the efficacy of HR practices be implemented in an organization. Correlating with a study mentioned earlier about young employees problems with harassments, the members of the Y Generation may also have challenges in adjusting with their older colleaguess perceptions on work, life and even religion. HR managers should consider these differences inbehavioursin ce they are up to(p)ive, something which must be carefully treaded on in crafting workplace policies.HRM practitioners need to consider the changing quest in the kind of skills needed in the market. As pointed out by Grugulis (2009) in response to a review, todays job market has more conglomerate and complex definition on whether a skill is soft or real. This is because of the diversity of level and practices being sought for by employers and are operable in the market. This, she says, is part of the development of job skills from technological or muscle-based work to one that is more social and communicative in nature. Grugulis recommends HR practioners and struggle experts to carefully study these skills so that they can determine the specific needs which may be addressed.I think this is also an important subject to be studied upon by HR managers since many of the young applicants-and employees- may possess some of these soft skills. The challenge will be to move through th em so that only the best talents can be chartered and retained for the firms benefit.Compensation and BenefitsIf the employees are young and are relatively new on the job, compensation may well focus on the performance of their jobs. Human Resource personnel need to objectively determine who among those young adult employees deserve higher pay and who among those employees need to paid the example rate. A similar situation exists for benefits, primarily those being offered by the telephoner for excellent performance.Safety and HealthAnother very vital issue in HR management is keeping employees safe. Ivancevich (2009) cites the example of Aaron Feuerstein who decided to hand out benefits and salaries to his employees after the Malden Mills plant in Massachussets burned down in 1995. For three months, the firm paid out salaries to its 1,400 displaced workers. Feuerstein also keep to give benefits to these employees for nine months. When the plant was rebuild, 90% of the displaced employees opted to return to Malden Mills. Feuersteins example showed how HR management can mitigate an othewise disastrous/bleak incident into a showcase of concern and goodwill toward its employees. It is also important that the organizationtransfusesafety concerns among the employees right at the beginning of their employment. At the same time, firms should be prepared to set aside money in case any work-related accident occurs among its employees.Employer-Labor relationsWe can surmise that an efficient management of human resources greatly helps promote cordial employer-labor relationships. Because they stand in between the two parties, human resources specialists can view each partys concerns and interests more objectively. This is very adjuvant when the employees are primarily young and newly hired, who may have to adjust with their jobs.ConclusionThis discussion had shown that Human Resources practioners have formulated new concepts and procedures in handling new and old emp loyees. recent, newly hired employees have more opportunities to work in the jobs of their choices. However, policymakers as well as employersneed to do more on a.) protecting young newly hired employees from possible execration from colleagues and b.) addressing possible conflicts inbehaviourand ideas between the young employees and their older colleagues. On the other hand, the young, newly hired employees need to adjust in thier working environments by changing their mindset that their workplaces ambience will be to their liking. This penning just reiterates my earlier assumption on areas of improvement in the way employers hire and retain young employees.ReferencesCalvasina, G.E., Calvasina, R.V., Calvasina, E. (2008). Creating Positive First expire Experiences for Young Adults the Equal Employment Opportunity Commissions (Eeoc) Youth Work Initiative Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 11(2).Freeman J.M. (1993). Human Resources Planning Training Needs Analysi s. Management Quarterly, 34(3).Grugulis, I.(2009). Skills, Training and Human Resource nurture A Response. Economic and Labour Relations Review, 19(2),Ivencevich, J. (2009). Human Resource Management (11th ed). United States McGraw-Hill.

How The Internet Changed Our Lives

How The meshwork Changed Our Liveselectronic conference constitution is an set up of systems that nookie help us transmit the breeding all everywhere foresightful distances, in electronic format, i.e., in the form of flow of electronic current. Electronic communication sens include the signs of respective(a) forms of the communication character references. They dirty dog be tuner communication, cyberspace communication, mobile ph nonp aril communication, landline skirt communication etc. The electronic communication is now an integral art object of the human beings life and the scope of this communication is beyond limits. Electronic communication has brought the homo similarly adept and no corner is beyond the fleet of one or the different communication forms. From Letters to e-mails and web communications, the progress is noneworthy. television recipient and radio communication have enabled the spread of mass media to a in truth large extent.The revoluti on of the electronic communication catched with the invention of the telegraph. The however confining factor in the case was the need of copper wires for transmission, which proved personifyly. only if the advent of radio communication proved a boon in the case for far away and distant communications. After the expansion of the radio spectrums, the possibilities in the fields of the wireless communications have workn various potentials for communication systems.The essence of making each and everything approach pathible, communi line of merc conkise, and reachable within a few clicks has been made possible by something cognize as INTERNET. This is the keyword of the issuance of the term paper, and as such, much of the emphasis would be given on this progeny, oer the other forms of electronic communication systems. Internet has led to an sparing prosperity, and the development of intelligent search engines has enabled man to search for any information within a few clicks a nd in a matter of micro seconds.The World Wide Web, which is kn throw as www, is festering exuberantly. It already has billions of pages, and is growing at the rate of millions of pages per day. Hardly is in that respect any sort of topic which has no finding on the profit. Computers be already an integral part of our life, and as such, the profits has enabled the drug exploiters to connect on a domainwide level. colloquy SystemA communication system has various furrows which be staged in such a way that communication is carried come forth with the some possible efficiency. A typical communication system has the hobby business linesTransmitterMediumReceiverTransmitter this unit chiefly functions for the conversion of a signal into the form which female genitals be genetic over further distances. This may include Transducers, amplifiers, modulators etc.Medium this is the deal in which the signal propagates. This is mostly air in wireless communications. objet dart radio dithers spate propagate in any medium, including vacuum. This is sometimes referred to as PROPAGATION demarcation, or PHYSICAL channel. The most recent development is in the form of OFCs, the optic fibre cable, which as a risque efficiency, and terrific fixity.Receiver this unit receives the signal, converts it to the desired form for reception, and presents it to the receiving end. This unit includes antenna assembly, amplifiers, demodulators, receiver units etc.There atomic number 18 some important aspects in the electronic communication systems which can be highlighted flection the process of imposition of unclouded signal over a strong holder signal is known as modulation. Modulation generally requires the commit of high frequency signals, as the low frequency signals cannot be transmitted over long distances. Modulation also helps in conversion of the digital signals to analog forms for transmission over a distance. AM, FM and PM ar the forms of modulation. FM is the most apply forms of modulations in the general forms of communications.Analog and Digital signals these be the properties of signals which distinguish them b/w continuous of discrete signals. Analog signals argon continuous signals, which are defined at each and every instant of time, enchantment the digital signals are discrete signals. They are defined only after a particular interval of time.Here, the blue continuous lines represent the analog signal, while the red dotted patterns show the digital or discrete value of the signals.Types of modulationAmplitude Modulation- AM nominates by varying the chroma of the transmitted signal in relation to the information being sent. relative frequency Modulation-It is the process of conveying the information over a carrier wave by varying its instantaneous frequency .Phase modulation-Phase modulation (PM) is a form of modulation that represents information as variations in the instantaneous point of a carrier wave.Internet in o ur daily Life right away, I would start to emphasise on the main topic of the term paper, design of internet in our daily life. Around 10 years ago, precisely the 20% of the population of India would have heard about this word. Yet a lesser quantity would have apply the internet even once. just now, imagining the life without internet is something which is really beyond our scope. It is the internet which has revolutionized the each and every sphere of our day to day life.How internet works?This is the diagram which tells us how the internet communication takes place. The key factor here is the ISP which helps to link mingled with the user and the Main internet.Major ISPs in IndiaAn ISP or the Internet profit Provider is some agency which links a user, who can be an individual or a stem. An ISP may generate internet access through a utilise line, a telephone line or the Wireless modems. A list of major(ip) ISPs in India is as underBSNLMTNLBharti AirtelConnectIdea InfoTechS IFYRelianceTata IndicomBSNL and MTNL are the government sector companies they in concert occupy 56% of the total market share. Airtel is the leader amongst others.Channels of internet accessNarrow-band telephone line- This is a particularly operate up type confederation which lets a low bandwidth connection. The vivify of the internet communication is a uttermost of 56 kbps in this type of connection. This type of system uses a PSTN or PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK. The user has to dial a estimate from the calculator to get connected. A dial up modem in the computer encodes and decodes the share signals, which are known as Internet Packet signals.This is a type of dial up modem which is used in the computers for dial up connections. This type of modem is generally internally fitted in the computers.All telephone lines work at a maximum signal hotfoot of 64 kbps. 8 kbps has to be excluded out for the conveying guard band. As a result, the maximum possible festinate in a dial up profit can be 56kbps. still the major factor in this devotion is that if there are a number of users, there would be trade in the telephone exchange. As a result the speed would little by little decrease.It was often noticed in earlier days that during peak hours, the speed used to be nearly 10-15kbps while in non-peak hours the speed could reach to somewhat 40kbps. But it hardly reached to the top notch of 50+.The major drawback in this system that lead to its failure was not only the speed. This type of connection was billed in the terms of duration of connection. That mean, whether it is transmitting or not, it will cost the user, regardless of the speed and amount of entropy transfer. The user was charged for net connection, as swell up as the telephone cost as a result, it would cause a high rise in the telephone bills of the users.Costs to the usersTill date, only BSNL and Connect have provided the dial up connection to the users. BSNL charges Rs. 6 per hou r for the connection, and rupees 2 per 15 minutes of call connection. This implies that for one hour, a person is charged rupees 14. If the average speed is 40 kbps, the person can download 18 MB of data in an hour. But speed hardly reaches till 40 kbps. As a result, the fluctuation in the bandwidth would result it to be too expensive to the user.Present ScenarioAt present, only BSNL is providing a dial up service. But this service has a limited number of users, mostly in the areas where the broadband has not reached, or the users who do not want to buy broadband due to very less usage. A majority of the user group has upgraded to the broadband internet.FutureThe only dial up connection supplier BSNL has decided to continue the dial up interlocking till the broadband reaches to the most remote areas. There is no scope of improvement in this channel of internet communication as it has already reached its limits. There is no retrieve of defying these limits.AdvantagesThis channe l has practically no advantages over other channels of internet transmission, if we compare it to other types. This was the first form of internet communication to the unexclusive. This paved the ways for other types of internet.Wired Broadband InternetThis is the most used form of internet in the world. This type of internet is the most various(a) and the most wide channel one, which can be transmitted over a wide variety of lines. They include the telephone lines, the television cable, dedicated lines etc.A broadband connection is the one which has a lower limit bandwidth of 256 kbps. It is the high speed channel of internet communication. The major advantage of this network is that the number of users in this type of networks generally does not affect the speed. Also, the phone lines through which the line has been connected can be used two for phone as well as the internet connection simultaneously. It does not affect the quality in each of the channels as both(prenominal) of them work on completely different bandwidths.How Broadband WorksA broadband connection works on the Digital Subscriber edge system. In this system, the internet signals are sent through the telephone cable on a completely higher frequency. Indian ISPs mostly use ADSL (Asymmetric DSL) system. In this type of system, the uplink and downlink bandwidths are different. The downlink is always much more than the uplink one.BandwidthsIndian service providers give a bandwidth with starts from 256 kbps and at the most they give it to 4 Mbps. This bandwidth is very low as compared to the other developed countries where the bandwidth goes to around 7-50 Mbps. In Sri Lanka itself, the minimum broadband bandwidth is 8 Mbps. India has a lot to go in this context.ModemsCurrently, Indian markets have two types of modemsType-1 ADSL Modems These are the LAN cable connection modems. These types of modems are used for wired connections. These modems modulate and demodulate the internet packet signal s at the uplink and downlink frequency. These modems are connected to the computers through an 8-wire LAN cable. These modems have a strong protection system. The resolve is that these modems can be connected only through a cable. As such, the unauthorised access can be prevented. Most of the ISPs provide the modems with the service. The chief brands of Type-1 modems available in the market areHuawei- Its a Chinese brand, the cheapest and the least reliable. It costs in the range of around Rs 1200. This is not a good brand, YET BSNL is providing these modems to maximise its profit.D-Link- This is a mainland China made brand, comparatively better. It has some added security features like PSK. The cost is around Rs. 1400.UT STARCOM- this is one of the best brands of this type of modems available here. It is totally user customisable, has an upgradable firmware system and the host security features. It costs around Rs. 1500.Type-2 ADSL Modems- These types of modems are the WLAN enabl ed modems. These modems are comparatively less secure as the other counterparts, but are more short to use as well as they comprise a wireless broadband network. They are sometimes also called as Wi-Fi routers. They have a range of around speed of light metres of wireless LAN communication. They can connect a maximum of 20 computers to the maximum. The chief brands available areD-Link- as discussed earlier, this type of modem has better security features. Costs around 2000 Rs.UT STARCOM- This is the best brand. Costs around 2400 Rs. Has a totally upgradable firmware system. Plus, this is the only modem in the category which gives a 3-level security. These levels areAdmin level Admin can access, edit, reset, change, and control all the other terminals.User direct They can just access the main security module, but can change, edit or reset their own module only.Support take it has equal privileges of an Admin, but only with his permission.WIRELESS BROADBANDThis is the newest entry in the member of public sector broadband connection. In this type of broadband, the ISPs provide the broadband over the mobile telephone frequency channels. A SIM beleaguer is given to the user, which can be inserted in the simcard slot of the laptop of the user, or he can purchase a USB modem which is con escortd for the purpose. Currently Reliance, Aritel, Tata Photon and BSNL are in this market. This type of broadband is mostly costly, and the speeds vary from 256 kbps-1Mbps at the most. This is ordinarily not value for money. Reason being a typical externalise costs from Rs. 700-3000, which is too costly for a normal user. The costs of USB modems are also very high. As per 18/10/10, the prices areBSNL- Rs.3400 for modem, and plans start from Rs.300Reliance- 2800 for the modem and plans start from 500.Tata- 2400 for the modem, plans start from 350.Airtel- 3000 for the modem, plans start from Rs. 900.So, we can imagine that the plans are too costly for the reach of common man . This is the main reason why this segment is not so popular with the people.3G communication in mobile pioneered by BSNL has brought a cheaper version of mobile broadband. This has achieved a bandwidth of maximum of 512 kbps and still has a scope of improvement. The best advantage is that the Plans start from just Rs. 25.THE FUTURE- OPTICAL FIBRESThis channel of the internet communication is still not available in the public domain. Optical fibres work on the principal of the modulation of signal with the carrier frequencies of that of the spectrum of light. Light travels at the speed of 3108 m/s. as such, the data transfer in this case would be at a very high speed.This channel of transmission has not even been utilised to calculate its limits. The reason behing this is that we do not have such equipments that can transmit at such a high speed. Till date, data has been transferred through this channel at a maximum speed of 4 Gbps (gigabits per second). This is still a fraction of its limit. A single OFC can transmit thousands of channels without a single noise.Also, this channel has a negligible resistance. As such, data red rates are very very low. It has been estimated that the OFCs can transmit internet at the speed of around 40 Tbps (tera bits per second). This is still an estimate. The original figure may go even higher.Currently, no public sector caller in India is providing the OFC internet. Only the defence forces (Indian Army and Air Force) are development it.Limiting factors in the use of OFCThe reason that the OFC internet communication system is still in the pipleine is that the engineering needed to harness this channel speed to the maximum is still not available. Light travels at a speed of 300000000 m/s. if the signals are modulated to the suitable carrier, then the signal locomotion at such a fast speed would practically give a really fast communication.How internet has changed our lives?Today we are financial support in 21st century i.e. In science era. Science and technology has modernised our lives and has made our life full of comforts. Means of Telecommunication and means of transportation are really a god gift for us..we patois imagine our lives without internet, television, etc. Internet has brought us together. It has united the wider gulfs across the oceans. we can have our access to any other part of world by just sit at our home. It provides us various facilities. A educatee can have its access to internet as well as a person working can also use this internet in its own way. It is beneficial for all.Communication We used to write garner to stay in touch with those far away, and if our correspondent was very special, we would use our trusty film camera to take some photos before winning the resultant film to the camera shop for developing waiting anyplace from an hour to a week to get the prints. Wed then hand over the cash, go home, put everything in the envelope, stick a effect on it and post it off.Nowadays, we grab our digital camera, take as legion(predicate) shots as we want, upload them directly on to our PCs, attach a facsimile to an e-mail and send it off into the ether. We can store, share, and order prints for our photographs from the same service.Google, Yahoo, Facebook, cheep and countless other websites have made social networking as easy as it could be. One cannot be too far away from his near and dear ones. People from all age groups spend time over these sites. Not only this, celebrities, VIP dignitaries, government officials etc. have their own portals on sites like twitter. Blogging is the trend of the new generation and with the help of your blog, you can share your likes and dislikes with the world .Reservation , banking Now Internet can be also used for banking , reservation purposes . You can operate your bank key from your pc, view the account reports, report etc. by just sitting at your home . Even Railway and Airline reservation can be done with the help of a click . Now there is no need to stand in queues and wait . Just chip in the site, click and book and your work is done. Even shopping can be done by sitting at a desktop.Business Internet is also used for expanding your business by the help of a website . Now you can target a large variety of consumers from around the world for your business if you have a properly maintained website. Various sites provide the online shopping facilities like www.ebay.in, www.tradus.in etc. Just a matter of click, and we can buy all what we want.

Benefits of Multi Functionality System

Benefits of Multi Functionality SystemA forcing out can be defined as a improvised measure that is take in chargen to shit a result.The term temporary means that all(prenominal) sick must have a start and a settle end date. The end is reached when the objectives of the travail have been achieved, or it becomes clear that the determine aims for whatever reason will not be met, or the conduct for the project is not now necessary. Many projects can last for several(prenominal) years. However, the duration of a project is set and would be unfeasible for the project to go on for an indefinite period.Most projects that are undertaken would aim to create or improve some involvement that is motiveed most projects that are taken on are done for a reason. For example, the project to erect a rugby football League Greats statue, of four Rugby League Legends will create a result expected to last for many years to come. One thing that cant always be predicted is that sometimes projects often have unplanned social, and environmental impacts that far outlast the projects themselves.Project BackgroundThe purpose of the project is to critically rate what benefits a in the raw arrangement that has multi functionality would be to Vodafone. At the current time, Vodafone have three different ashess that h doddery vital measure information, node information and network information, this itself ca intakes various problems when it comes to finding a customers details. If the project were to be a succeeder, we could see a reduction in superfluous time locating customers details and an overall better organised structure of customer details.Project Aim and ObjectivesThe aim of the project is to investigate and assess the need for a system for Vodafone that can incorporate new and old customers within one main system. With an initial budget cost of 15 million. By conducting this research, it will give an insight upon what impact the incorporation of give tongue to su ch system would have on the business, stakeholders and the employees. At the current time, Vodafone use three different systems that hold vital account information and customer usage information, this lacks efficiently as has a negative knock on effect of advisors having to find a customers details in the various systems, which is not time effective and increases handling time.To have any kind of success the new system must include the followingAbility to reserve just internal users to access the application without downloading any additional packetAbility to interface with the existing two well established entropy warehouse applications.What improvement of a new system (business point of view) What advantage of a new system (Customers point of view) Example of other business organization that have incorporated a similar method. ScopeCurrently, Vodafone use 3 systems for customersGeminiCrystalVLTSHaving 3 main systems is not ideal. Each system has a function that the other does not have, therefore all 3 systems are needed, what is proposed is to incorporate the three current systems to improve efficiency and overall cost.Gemini Used mainly for billing information and queries, would overly be used for applying a credit and miscalculations on to account if there was a need to do so.Crystal Also has some billing functions save manually used for assigning faults to a 1st and 2nd level technical team.VLTS Used for the barring of numbers and the monitoring of queues for problems that would occur on the network.Requirements The outcome of the project is to access the need for a new system the can incorporate all the key main functions of the old 3 systems.Quality of ProjectReliability We would need the system to be real and to be able to cope with the demands of any tasks that it may need to undertake with large multiple users at the same time.Usability System will be complex due to the different functions it can perform, but must also be user friendly so that in order for the employees to be able to use it.List of RequirementsProductivityPlanning precision clearcutness in lead-time, etc.Staff have become frustrated with the need to use 3 systems for all manner of small to large tasks. This, in turn, is creating low staff morale and frustration. It is also creating a need for new starters to be trained on 3 individual systems which is costing the conjunction more money in the long run. By assessing the idea of a new all in one system, this does would certainly create a more positive working atmosphere which in turn will make the workplace a happier environment and in turn elated staff = happy customers.

Media Impact on War

Media Impact on WarVivienne Owusu-AnsahMEDIA TRANSFORMATION throw out media help gain or lose a playtend? be see through detai take discussion of reporting in one state of fight since 1945 The Gulf War II.In 2003, the States and its allies, U.K., Australia and Poland, well known as the compression forces invaded Iraq and began a conflict which has come to be known as the Gulf contendfare II or Iraq state of war and were afterward conjugate by several other countries. During the Iraq war, the confederative forces permitted the media to travel with them in their tanks and jets to war fields to cover the war so as to get low hand give-and-take to the existence. Though the media has been involved in covering earlier conflicts, the Iraq war was said to be the war which allowed the media to pass extensive reportage and brought first hand news to the habitual. This allowed the Allied forces to control and manage the data that went out in reality Frankly, our job is to win the war. Part of that is education warfare. So we are going to attempt to dominate the information environment. Embedding journalists honourably served that end, said Long1 (Kahn, 2004).Some journalists argue that the army utilize the journalists as a propaganda tool. This can be deemed as reliable because journalists reports were of all time favourable to the densification forces. Reporting along typeface the soldiers in war made the journalists feel a sense of closeness to troops. Moreover, the soldiers were the very people who were protecting the journalists whiles at the war front thus it became hard-fought if non impossible to report either negative issues about them.Another point to consider is that, because the media was reporting from the war front alongside the troops, they were able to send real time reports indirectly to ibn Talal Hussein Husseins politics about the heavy gun existence utilise by the Allied forces. This psychologically weakened Iraq as they realised they could not match the ammunition strength of the fusion forces. Pictures of the soldiers tanks rolling into Iraq were as well another performer that helped propagate the Allied forces need. This showed the magnate of the forces which intimidated the Iraqi forces as well as the Iraqi mankind. A comment purported to have been made by Chris Hughes, the spokesperson of the U.S. Marines a daylight before the war luxuriouslylights this, The rst image of this war will dene the conict (Buncombe 2003 cited in Parry 2010). If the cosmos had initially lasted the Iraqi politics the pictures of the Allied forces were enough to sway worldly concern plump for to the decently side in this case the Allied forces.According to Professor Barbie Zelizer of University of Southern calciums Annenberg school of communication, a picture showing a displace of Iraqis pulling down ibn Talal Hussein Husseins statue was quite influential, this is because it told a story to the habitual that the governing of Saddam Hussein was no eight-day in power and that the earth supported the Allied forces and this was an effective nub to winning or losing the war. It showed the crowd as being nationalists thereby triggering the normal public to act as nationalists too.During the Iraq war, the army is believed to have had around 600 journalists from unlike news organisations entrenched with the troops thus there was an overflow of news and all were in favour of the Allied forces. This therefore created a high level of idolize amongst the enemies having to always read and listen to the might of the forces on TV, radio and in newspapers.Some journalists argue that the Allied forces had won the war even before any ammunitions were fired and this is because the public had already been stimulate into fleeing due to the fact that they were made to believe they could be killed by nuclear or chemical weapons, which in effect made it less difficult for the Allied forc es to win the war. In the case of the Iraq war, the Allied forces controlled their agenda, creating awareness and used the media to face a one sided view. nigh of the pictures that were circulated were of those showing the might of the forces and in near cases a few Iraqi nationals showing their support to the Allied forces and kept any image of casualties suffered by the Allied forces out of the public eye especially in their respective countries because they wanted the public to spread over supporting the war till the end. This adds momentum to the political idea of victimization photography during war to manipulate the public.Journalism is arguably a powerful tool often used in affecting and ever-changing public opinion on issues. Media institutions usually broadcast what attracts their target audience. Prior to attack Iraq, George Bush the American chairwoman, in a national broadcast which was broadcast in Iraq, heard him appealing to the ordinary citizens of Iraq to supp ort America and the nuclear fusion reaction forces for their own good and also portrayed the Iraqi president, Saddam Hussein, as an enemy and the cause of all the chores of the Iraqis. He further suggested that the solution to their problem is war to overthrow what the westbound governments termed as undemocratic regime of Saddam Hussein and urged them to fight for their freedom. His speech was rhetoric and played very well on the publics emotion as they did not support the Iraq government to fight when they were called to join. Bush used his means to amass public opinion in acknowledging America and its Allieds troops strawman in Iraq.According to Samir Khader of Al Jazeera (the most prominent media institution during the infringement), the aim of their station during the war was to educate the world most especially the Arab viewing audience and to prove to them that in every war there are always civilian casualties. This did not seem to work well initially as their network was not far reached, they were also deemed not to be true and as such was a mere propaganda tool used by the Iraqi government and enemy groups who attacked America on family line 11. The public in America, United Kingdom and other parts of the world had been persuaded into accept these perceptions by the media though there was no proof. The Arab media did not do oft to help its credibility by not reporting human rights abuses against sectarist and ethnic minorities and opposition Iraqi citizens which were perpetuated on a outsize home by Saddam Husseins government. Although Al Jazeeras nub about war casualties is true, it is worth mentioning that, this is not something new as that is some of the realities of war. There has never been any war fought without any civilian or array casualty and diddlyshit Straw, Britains Foreign Secretary during the stay of the Iraq war rightly described war in an article in Mail Online as an occurrence that is filled with horror.As pictures and news of war casualties (both civilians and American soldiers) got to the American public their views began to change. The public became angry and began demonstrating against the mission of the government in going to war in Iraq and demanded that troops are withdrawn. This message reflected during some of American presidents foreign visits. In the U.K., President Bush was met by anti war demonstrations in London because of the Iraq war and other cities where he visited also met him with similar demonstrations.During the Iraq war some occidental media used spin to get specific messages to the international world. An example is a picture showing a crowd chanting and singing which the western media portrayed as Iraqis celebrating Bush but they were rather protesting Americas involvement in the war with chants in Arabic that the troops should be withdrawn from Iraq. A journalist who was reporting for BBC interpreted the story to portray the crowd as singing praises to Bush for ac quire rid of Saddam Hussein and celebrating their freedom. This helped sway public opinion about the war in the western world.Before the coalition forces marched into any city in Iraq, they used the media to report extensively on how the cities had already been conquered and this plan built fear in the opposing army who showed little resistance, all these stories were however later found to be false but that was after it had served its intended purpose. virtually of the coverage by the western media such as CNN and NSBC was deemed as colored to favour the allied forces. This is partly because only a few of the journalists implant with the troops did get to experience fulfill at the front line. Most of them were stationed at the manipulate centre where information was always received from the military and this played an important role in helping them win the support of the public. The Arab media on the other hand did same, they also used propaganda in getting the Arab world to see the Allied forces as the worst enemy who had no right to be in Iraq with no intention of protecting civilians and alleging the coalition forces rather had their personal interest of getting control of the oil in Iraq. They propagated Arab nationalism to the public.The Allied forces knew the important role played by autarkical media during war. The public usually believe stories reported by independent journalists at war front as being unbiased. This is not wholly true as they always report from an angle that suits their organisation. The coalition forces used the media to their value rather than having the military releasing information to the press which would be seen as biased towards the aim of their mission in Iraq by the general public and not being credible as well.Local media in America had journalists attached to the troops, and most of these media are situated near military bases. The topical anaesthetic people who are the main readers in these areas, connected with the media in the neighbourhood during the war through the news items they published, some were messages from the soldiers to their families. The public regarded the news from these newspapers as credible thereby getting them to support the mission of the Allied forces.Studies have shown how media coverage affected public opinion during the war and led to the public supporting the military mainly due to the reason that the public were not made aware of any other options other than going to war to liberate the people of Iraq and the enemy of the coalition forces (the government of Saddam Hussein) culmination from the back drop of the September 11, 2001 attacks in America which had attracted massive media coverage thereby the public especially the American public viewed military action in Iraq as the only way. This point is echoed by Berinsky, 2008, However, as threats recede, citizens swallow to resist encroachments on their basic values. Thus, while the particular circumstances of war may be unique, they influence civil liberties judgements through mechanisms that are known from studies of domestic politics (pg.13). Britain and the other countries that formed the coalition also viewed Iraq as a danger to global peace. Iraq had been portrayed by the coalition forces as a country that had allegedly supported and accommodated the group that attacked America. Another factor worth highlighting is that war casualties were not permitted to be made public by the media and this was strictly enforced by the military at the command centre, any journalist that violated this rule was expelled from the base.In the weeks prior to the invasion of Iraq, the American government saturated the media, especially prime time news programs of major media stations and newspapers in America such as CNN, drink News, MSNBC, CBS and New York Times alleging that Iraq was planning to commit atrocities even greater than the September 11 attacks. The American public believed and therefore ba cked the governments decision to go to war in Iraq. This situation was no varied in U.K. where BBC, Sky and ITN were also used by the then government of Tony Blair to get the public to support the mission. The media which has a duty to present the public with the truth also failed to question these facts presented by the American and British governments but rather circulated the governments information to the public as being the truth.The media effectively helped the coalition forces by influencing public support and also urged the military to go on to win the war in Iraq. Although certain reports protest with the fact that the coalition forces had won the war because there were and are exempt sporadic incidents of fighting taking place in Iraq and also that the coalition forces are yet to completely pull out of the region, it is important to assay that although the war was fought in Iraq, the real war was the one perpetuated by the media through the stories they published which psychologically influenced the public at large and this can be seen as pure propaganda. Without that the coalition forces would not have managed to storm Iraq and win the war within a very short period. According to Jack Straw (Hinsliff 2003 cited in Parry 2010), Twenty-four-hour news actually changes the reality of warfare. The media is changing the reality of warfare, it is not just reporting on it. Given the meter of coverage the western media managed to achieve in the world at large during the Iraq war, if the media in the Arab world had been able to achieve that on the same plate in the Middle East and other parts of the world, the public may not have supported the war the way they did. This would have led to the morale of the troops being at its lowest and their confidence would also have been down and more importantly America would not have got the support they had from the Allied.1 Lt. Col. Rick Long was with the U.S. Marine Corps

A Dolls House :: A Dolls House Essays

A Dolls House The author, Henrik Ibsen, who wrote other social commentary plays (like Ghosts, opposition Of The People, and Pillars Of Society), made a departure in this plays closure by having the champion run away rather than staying to set an example and continuing to contest for the better along side others. This scenario creates a sad, troubling and for Nora unjustified ending as she, the protagonist in A Dolls House, leaves Torvold, her husband. She destroys any hope that wed couples can reconcile differences and learn to change and grow with one another. Noras matter is a self- destructive assertion of her childlike and romantic view of life, that somehow, someway, things will work out even though there is no externalize on her part as to how. By leaving, Nora, with no expectation of a support system, provides no significant transforming effect upon her familys lives and views. Nora has an egotistical and self-centered base about life and this is further exposed when she decides to abandon her family. Everyone must agree at some time in their lives. This leads to cooperation in family and in clubhouse and is the essence of survival and growth. Noras need to be in control and her reference playing manipulations, makes her an equally guilty party in the promotion and duration of a stilted and stifling middle class lifestyle that was Norway in the mid 1800s. The title sets up the metaphor - this is truly a dolls house. just now in this case the main characters are not only the dolls themselves solely the doll master and mistress each vying for power and control. This is a profound conflict of the play. Torvold may be the master in the eyes of cabaret and adopt a conventionally controlling tone but Nora has the genuinely control by her power of manipulation. Nora is the one who is getting her own way, feeding macaroons and spending money (and getting more) as her wishes prompt. Appearing confident and bles sed she shows no sign of dissatisfaction with the role. She gives the porter who brought the Christmas tree an over-generous tip despite a lack of money

Essay --

I. GREEN FLOAT PROJECT The worlds first floating nation is set to be located in the islands of Kirabati. The islands argon quickly sinking due to rising sea levels. before long they are located only six feet above the sea level. Actions are being taken to cede the islands by literally placing the current islands onto theorize man-made islands and building a city in the interchange on top. A none Tong, president of Kiribati, knows that this plan is drastic but he feels it is necessary to save the islands. Kiribati has invested in some other initiatives to stop the impending fate of the nation, though due to lack of funding he has not been competent to go across them. He believes a project like this pull up stakes attract multinational funding because it is a sustainable solution that will work not only for Kiribati but for other similarly situated areas. A slickness edge Japanese company called Shimuzu Corp. came up with this ambitious plan to keep on the impending loss of Kiribati. The project is being called the city in the sky as well as the green float project. The costs are estimated to be upwards of three snow and seventeen billion dollars. future day units are going to effect cheaper overtime. Each tower unit will be built to house thirty cardinal people, and will besides provide space for commercial activities. The units are going to be able to be connected to accommodate a combined one hundred thousand people. The base of the islands will be constructed with impenetrable materials that need itty-bitty maintenance but are extremely costly. These man-made islands are referred to as lily pads. They will be three thousand meters wide and one thousand meters tall. The bases of the islands will be completely secured they are set ... ...lar to receiving a retaliate for contributing green energy into the grid, the May initiative gives rewards for people who in their private property develop facilities and other means to accommodate glut wa ter. Similar in certain respects to the LiFe project, this initiative is polar in that property owners do it completely individually. The government would reward or compensate people for their capacity to control water on their property. virtually examples of initiatives that will be rewarded will be homeowners with large areas of permeable land, reservoirs, and many more. This initiative will not only help with flood backup man but also will result in education close climate change. It will give people a reason to become responsible for their actions and become conscious of their actions climatically. Monetary rewards will bring liaison into joining the initiative.

Convenience Store as Metaphor for a University :: Expository Essays

Convenience Store as Metaphor for a UniversityThe university is a convenience store located on the highway of life. Its not a place the customer-student necessarily wants to bide at, further looking at the gas gauge of opportunity, the customer has decided to stop and fill up on companionship in order to advance on the journey. Everything the university offers can be comp ard with an item offered at the convenience store.The knowledge a student is buying can be compared to the several(predicate) grades of gas pedal available to the customer of a convenience store. What kind of performance the gasoline-knowledge gives to the customer-student depends on the commitment the customer-student has. The customers who want to get the most of their gasoline go away go for the expensive, high grade gasoline, and the customers who dont care what kind of performance the gasoline gives, will opt for the cheapest gasoline. samewise, the students who want to get the most out of their cult ivation concede the higher price in school by spending to a greater extent magazine with their studies and taking more challenging courses, and the students that dont care what kind of education they get have to minimize the amount of work necessary by taking less challenging courses. The customers goal is to save money by purchasing cheaper gasoline, and the students goal is to maximize the amount of free time they take on to pursue personal interests. Generally, many students follow the example of the customer who buys the mid-grade gasoline, and they choose to give up a little more free time in order to gain a little more knowledge.Like the many items in a convenience store competing for the customers money, organizations, activities, and personal interests make out for a students time. The many clubs and organizations a university offers are much corresponding the different types of junk food lining the shelves in a convenience store. They are available for students to tak e part in, and there is a great compartmentalisation to appeal to the many different tastes of students, but it is a matter of individual(a) opinion whether one activity is more fulfilling than another. In many slipway these activities can be good for students and allow them to have lives beyond their studies, much like eating breaks up the monotony of a long drive. sometimes though, students may put priority on the wrong interest, jeopardizing their grades by doing something like spending all day watching television, much like the customers that buy a carton of cigarettes every day are jeopardizing their health.

Inevitability of Change Revealed in Cry, the Beloved Country Essay

Inevitability of Change Revealed in Cry, the beloved sphere Things grow old and die. Change is inevitable a compact disk will eventually burn bring out, trees will fall to the ground, and mountains will buckle to the sea. This inescapable process is cl too soon illustrated by the character Stephen Kumalo in the hold in Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton. The Kumalo seen in the beginning of the book is a completely different person from what he is in the end. He is initially real kind and caring, but by the end of the book, he is a off the beaten track(predicate) less nave person, one who is able to lie even to his cause brother. The events that transpire and the changes they cause in the protagonist, Stephen Kumalo, clearly show that Cry, the Beloved Country is a book concerned with the effect external events can feel on a man caught in the middle of them. The book begins in a small South African village called Ndotsheni, where Kumalo is the pastor of the only ch urch. Like all pastors, Kumalo is a kind, religious, tolerant, and caring man. In chapter 2, very early on, Kumalo is demonstrably very conscious of other peoples feelings, as is shown by what he says to his wife I am sorry I hurt you, he said. I shall go and pray in the church. (p. 10) When he gets into an argument with his wife and unintentionally hurts her feelings, he is quick to apologize and, as an attempt to make up for what he has done, goes into the church and presumably begs the headmaster for forgiveness. Only a man with true compassion and love would go to such great lengths to make up for a wrong. In chapter 4 of Cry, the Beloved Country, Kumalo makes a journey ... ...g of the book. Kumalo never would construct considered, even for a moment, lying or hurting anyone or anything before he came to Johannesburg. During his tab there, he is transformed from a gentle minister to a deceiving, insecure, hateful, panic-struck man. The reasons for this change are not be cause of him, but because of things that happened to him and around him, and were completely out of his control. Had his sister not been in need of help, he surely would never have gone to Johannesburg, but he could not hope to have prevented his sisters illness when he knew nothing of it until it had already happened. The ulterior events cause changes in Kumalo that he could not have foreseen or prevented, nor could anyone else in his position. Change, welcome or not, will come to everyone and everything

House On Mango :: essays research papers

Esperanza Cordero is a really troubled patient of mine. Her family lives at indigence level, because the father is a gardener and her mother is a housewife, and has moved well-nigh numerous times in these early years of Esperanzas life. Esperanza is very embarrassed of things, depressed, but yet she is a very intelligent and pity young girl. She has gone through many terrifying and disturbing experiences in her life. She has been raped, her aunt died, her father getting devastated over her grandfathers death, and she has not yet formed any friendships with other kids. Her house is in the slums of the town. The Cordero family consists of Rita (mom), Paco (father), Esperanza, Carlos, Kiki, and Nenny. The unite household in acquire is at the poverty level with no hopes of that changing in the near future. They have moved from Paulina, to Keeler, to Loomis, and to Mango Street in the start six years of Esperanzas life (3). The homes she has lived in were all melt down apartments with very little amenities. Now her family lives in a get off down house on Mango Street, but most apparent the best place they have ever lived. Esperanza had to get a pipeline in order to go to a private Catholic lavishly school. Catholics do not attend public amply schools. Also Esperanzas father said, Nobody went to public school unless you wanted to turn step up bad. (53). Esperanzas job was at a photo shop that her aunt had once worked at. At the photo shop she matched the negatives with the photos. She also has not been fitted to keep friends because of her constant moving around. Esperanza is very ashamed about many things such as her name, which means too many letters in Spanish and hope in English. People make fun of her name, and she thinks it sounds worry something from a Mexican song that her father plays while he shaves (10). She is ashamed about her house because it is so depart down and has a poor appearance, but it looks like all the other houses in the vic inity. People who come to her neighborhood want to leave because it frightens them by being so run down and dirty (28). The final thing she is ashamed of is not having bullion to pay for school and her having to get a job to go to high school.

Standardizing The Mind :: essays research papers

Standardizing the MindIs it safe to assume that all people be capable of learning the same things? Should the educational system be allowed to consecrate what is useful information and what is not for tender-hearted learning and development? These questions merit attention since the answers can determine so much about someones future. iodin standard set for students is the SAT run. Most Colleges use this single sieve score along with GPA to determine whether or not a potential student will be allowed enrollment to their school. An SAT test is based in two subjects, mathematics and English. By placing such monstrous emphasis on these areas of learning, do we plan to grant the best high education to those who are gifted writers and mathematicians? Perhaps we dont intend to do this, plainly an underlying social bias affects the way we value knowledge or what we cerebrate smart people know how to do. Students are encouraged to be doctors, lawyers, mathematicians, or engineers they are encouraged to shoot for a high post occupation that will generate wealth. In America we equivalent money, we like jobs that make us money, not jobs that make us good people. Our partnership values scientists. The scope of Western thought is based on close and logic, everything that we produce is supposed to have a direct purpose and function, turnout for the sake of consumption. What happened to creating something for thought? Where did our artists go? When was the last time the US won a Nobel Prize in Philosophy or any line of merchandise other than Science? We dont think about things unless we get paid for it. wherefore is an artist not as important to us as a brain surgeon? I think both can lay down us great and interesting things, but for now I think that an artist can tell us more about human thought. From as early as grade school we are taught the Scientific Method, when possibly we should spend more time with finger paints and cooperative learning. In my ma stermind the two most important traits an individual can develop are appreciation for individual creativity and understanding the benefits of sharing that inner individualism with others. No two people are the same, but sharing what we do is best for everyone. People can learn about themselves, their goals and what makes them happy by seeing what other people are capable of producing and realizing that they are besides endowed to create.

The Psychology of Human Rights Violators and Courageous Resistors Essay

The Psychology of Human Rights Violators and Courageous Resistors Using a vocabulary based on the work of social psychologist Ervin Staub, it is clear that umpteen another(prenominal) researchers have found elements of the sympathetic psyche and the forgiving experience that erect both to acts of courageous resistance in the face of horrific man rights abuses as well as contributing to the perpetration of the acts themselves. Certain categories step to the fore while assessing the actions of an individual in either of these circumstances environmental or circumstantial pressure and support concept of self in comparison to others, and specific learning experiences that coalesce into paradigms from which actions ar taken. In his analysis of human rights violations, Staub discusses operose life conditions, in-group/ out-group distinctions, and learning by doing. Various other scholars of human rights have a vocabulary that will enhance the meaning of this words in the context of both human rights violators, and courageous resistors of that violence. Staubs assessment of difficult life conditions and how people behave under threat to safety and aegis is supported and expanded upon by Kristen Renwick Monroe, who posits that, though ethnic difference and tensions argon not a sufficient to explain human rights abuses, they will be magnified by economic struggle or other stresses, and kitty explode into acts of extreme violence. She draws in the concept of dehumanization, addressed by Staub and many others, positing that the cognitive perceptions of a people under strain stub be manipulated to scapegoat a group of people in an attempt to clitoris the frustration of powerlessness in hard times. The idea that unitary can distance oneself from ones victi... ...ing the path of learning by doing towards courageous resistance. Those raised in authoritarian cultures according to various theorists, including Staub, often dont have the internal locus of control that allows them to make the connection between seeing oppression and choosing not to participate in it. So, this is another place where theories of pro-social actions and human rights violation are converse to one another. A synthesis of all of these theories leads me to believe the interest if one can use the similar pathways of learning by doing and consent within a pro-social, inclusive world view and create a society where authoritative child rearing need not locomote authoritarian child rearing, it is possible to say that there may one day be a world where there will be no violations of human rights that will require others to courageously resist.

Essay --

Introductory carve upNigeria has the largest cosmos of any African country and it is the 6th in the world. crudewealth Growth is the change in state overtime. Nigeria is too the most thickly populated country in Africa, that means, nearly one in six-spot Africans is a Nigerian. Nigerias population is unevenly distri provideded across the country and the world. In July 2001, Nigerias population was estimated at more than 123 million people about(predicate) 345 people per square mile. The population growth rate is influenced by the interplay of the trey main demographic processes of fertility, mortality and migration. The population growth of Nigeria can be analysed through the Antiquity of the population of Nigeria, the Current population, the Trends and the Future Predictions of the population of Nigeria. archivesThe population growth of people in Nigeria started from the antiquity of Slavery, Tribes and Culture. Slavery was common in Nigeria long before the europiumans arrived. Slavery also known as slave trade started in Badagry, the second largest commercial town in Lagos, Nigeria. In the early 1500s, people were being transported from Nigeria through Badagry, to North and reciprocal ohm America. Slaves were brought from all corners and crannies of Nigeria mostly from raided villages and captives of war, who were also brought to Badagry for auctioning. Some of the main slavery countries from Europe that engaged in the slavery of Nigerians were England, Portugal, Spain and the Netherlands. The slave trade became a major(ip) source of income for the Europeans. It is reported that Badagry conveyed no fewer than 550,000 Africans slaves to America during the period of the American Independence in 1787. The exact number of people taken from Nigeria ... ...lation but also its composition (2001). Migration could cause a numerical decrease and step-up in the population of Nigeria. At the same time, people also discover into Nigeria to explore the n atural resources such as Zinc, Gold, Tin, Ignite, Oil and Gas etcetera. Nigeria is also free from natural disasters like hurricane, typhoon and so on. Nigeria has a lot tourer attractions, and offers job opportunities to people. This makes people move into Nigeria, and therefore brings an increase in the population growth of Nigeria. The current population of Nigeria is 173,611,131. The Migration, Immigration and Causes are some of the things that influences the population growth of Nigeria. Figure 1/Nigerian Current Population. Source www.tradingeconomics.comAs seen from the table, Nigerias current population is 13.61 million. Nigeria has a growing population.

Jane Austen Essay -- essays papers

Jane Austen6. How does Mansfield Park interrogate the relationship of power and gender? Mansfield Park by Jane Austen is a classic realist text, which is almost exclusively centre on a small strip of society, namely the upper-middle class of unpolished England the class to which she herself belonged. Throughout her novel, Austen portrays the disadvantaged position of woman, presenting the issues of gender stereotyping and marriage picking as the main problems they have to confront. Gender came to be seen as a construct of society, designed to facilitate the smooth-running of society to the advantage of custody1, proving that men gained power throughout the socially constructed subordination of woman. Taking a post-structuralist greet to Mansfield Park, we can see that there is a pretence that bourgeois husbandry is naturalto limit meaning in the interests of control, repression and privilege2. Austens writing embodies middle-class values, and portrays an ideology that emphasises patriarchal rule, along with social and economic power, with micro reference to the hardships of the working class. This text is therefore a form of dictatorial ideology, in which women are kept in their socially and sexually keep down place. When Sir Thomas Bertram discovers that Fanny will reject Henry Crawfords proposal, the cruelty of male power is evident, enforcing the gender role. He does not understand her refusal of a secure marriage, and attempts to change her answer by redefining what she says. Sir Thomas is an authoritative male, and represents the male-dominated agreement that tries to take control of, and organise a womans disembodied spirit for her. Although Fanny represents female resistance by opposing Sir Thomass judgement, Auste... ...ation to the women, as they can use their influence and power in a good or bad way. Austen takes the disadvantaged position of women, and analyses sexual stereotypes and prejudices in great detail. Therefore male power and female helplessness are explored fully in her novels.BibliographyJane Austen, Mansfield Park (Penguin, 1994)Simone De Beavouir, Women and the Other Literature in the red-brick World, Dennis Walder (Oxford University Press, 1990)Marilyn Butler, Romantics, Rebels & Reactionaries (Oxford University Press, 1981)Mary Eagleton, Feminist Literary Theory A Reader (Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1986) terrycloth Eagleton, Criticism and Ideology (Oxford University Press, 1976)Terry Eagleton, Literary Theory An Introduction, 2nd Ed (Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1996)Dennis Walder, Literature in the Modern World (Oxford University Press, 1990)

Waiting for Godot and The House of Bernarda Alba Essay -- Waiting For

In the plays Waiting for Godot and The erect of Bernarda Alba, life sentence and death argon world-shattering concepts. Life is meaningless in Godot as they merely wait until death, whilst Bernarda Alba depicts futility of life without passion, love or freedom. The House of Bernarda Alba, through Adelas rebellious tincture signifies living a life that is passionate, while in Waiting for Godot Beckett seems to refer that life is meaningless. Whilst Waiting for Godot focuses more on the metaphorical aspect of death, The House of Bernarda Alba takes on the literal death through Adelas suicide. As playwrights, Lorca and Beckett choose their views on life and death through their works. Beckett portrays a cyclical, boring initiation in Waiting for Godot, whilst dramatic action is explicitly evident in Lorcas The House of Bernarda Alba. Just as their views on life are contrasting, the two playwrights have incompatible views on death as well. This is caused by the major cultural dif ferences between the two playwrights. Lorcas work is pot in the Spanish Culture and the Civil Wars hearty repression, while the views expressed in Becketts absurdist play is substantially affected by WWII existentialism. Both Beckett and Lorca agree that death is an inevitable occurrence, however they have different views on its significance. Through the characterization of their main characters, the playwrights illuminate their contrasting views on life and death.Through depicting their main characters significant life events, Lorca and Beckett make for their contrasting view on life. Waiting for Godot indicates no purpose for our actions and existence. Reiterating the aimlessness of life, the lives of the character are a repetitive cycle of meaningless parley an... ...kett conveys his belief that life is merely a waiting period for ones death, in The House of Bernarda Alba, Lorca through Adeles fiery spirit, shows a passionate life. Thus, through the lives of Vladimir, tarra gon and Adela the two playwrights respective views on life were portrayed. The playwrights view of death however, is similar, as both view death as a source of throw and insignificant event in society. Life and death is a significant theme explored in both Waiting for Godot and The House of Bernarda Alba, and through these plays, the reference inevitably gains new perceptions for life and death. Works CitedBeckett, Samuel. Waiting For Godot. 3rd ed. N.p. cost-of-living index Group, 2006. Print. Vol. 1 of Samuel Beckett The Complete Dramatic Works. 4 volsLorca, Federico Garcia. La Casa de Bernarda Alba, Manchester University Press, 1984. Print

A War With Different Enemies :: essays research papers

A War With Different EnemiesWar novels front to All Quiet On The Western Front, tend to romanticize the sure conditions of the fight, and the troubles typefaced by the soldiers. However, All Quiet On The Western Front, not only does not romanticize the terrible experiences of World War I, it besides provides the reader with accurate and detailed portrayal of the horrors of the War. The author, Erich Maria Remarque does this by accent several themes. The first theme is how the war affects each soldier, the second is the horrors of war, and the third base is nationalism. Each of these themes allows the reader to enter deep into the minds of the soldiers who were scrap the war. At the initiation of the novel the author states thatThis book is to be neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a propagation of men who, even though they may put on escap ed shells, were destruct by the war. (Remarque 4)Even by this beginning quote it is revealed that the author did not preserve this book to criticize, or to accuse, but he wrote the book to tell the report card of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped shells, were destroyed by the war. (Remarque 4)This book in my opinion, accurately portrays how the war affects the lives of soldiers during World War 1. It also shows how each of these young soldiers had no judgement what they were getting themselves into when they enlisted in the war. They were all young and they were all nave. They were fighting for what they thought was their country. They fought for their families and for their freedom. Later they realized that they did not fight an enemy they fought against bulk like them a person with a family and a person with a life back home. This is evident in chapter four when Paul says At the sound of the first droning of the shells we rush back, in one segmentati on of our being, a thousand years. (Remarque 28) As Paul describes this he paints a well-behaved picture of what happened when they first encountered battle, and what happened when they realized what they were really up against. Using

Guidelines on Termination Letters :: essays papers

Guidelines on Termination garnerTermination LettersA type of bad news depicted object which informs an employee that he is going to be terminate from his current job or position beca social occasion of a exceptional reason. Reasons for Terminating an Employee Poor achievement of the employee Insubordination finale of Project Financial Crisis in the Company Clo legitimate of Department or DivisionDos1. Warn the employee beforehand Make sure that the employee was given a warning that he whitethorn be terminated because of his bad performance or the financial condition of the company that may lead to the termination or lay-offs of its employees closure of the department, etc. 2. Explain understandably and completely the reason for the termination - Be sure to state clearly why he is being terminated. For example, a) because of bad conduct. (Give the specific incident, its witnesses on the particular incident/s. b) financial problems (Tell them straight to the pint that t he company is experiencing that problem). The haggling you use should be clear and understandable, not too broad like the words difficult, etc.3.Make comments that will retain goodwill source should not write harsh wordslike lazy, dear rephrase or use another better term for it. mobilize that the employee should leave the relationship between the terminated employee and the firm as fortunate as feasible. 4.End with an encouraging note have ont sidestep the employee. Dont state in the letter that because of his bad performance for example, he will have a hard time acquire a job. 5.Make suggestion in finding a job, if possible Suggest companies where he canapply for a job. This is also to instigate the reader of the letter. Donts (Avoid)1.Dont mislead the reader Dont mislead the reader into thinking that the letter

Bain & Company Essay -- Business, Team Development

This paper addresses the importance of groups in an organization. Bain & Company, a Boston-based consulting company, exemplifies an organization that has telld team development as a priority in the organization. Teams atomic number 18 more and more common in organizations for responding to customers needs to deliver a product or service. Successful teams are supported by a commitment to empower and enhanced rewards. Bain & CompanyHistory has brought organizations to a bit where teams are recognized as a critical component of the business. Today, approximately work that goes on inside organizations utilizes a team approach, whereas work that takes place outside of organizations relies even more heavily on teamwork. Teams are progressively common in organizations for responding to customers needs to deliver a product or service. Successful teams are supported by a commitment to empower and enhanced rewards. Empowered teams consist of passel with complemental skills wh o are committed to a common purpose or a set of performance goals for which they hold themselves mutually accountable (Laszlo, Laszlo, & Johnsen, 2009). Team beliefBain & Company, a Boston-based consulting company, goes beyond teamwork, to structure itself around interdependent groups, as a means of improving work processes and providing better quality and service to customers. Bains success as an organization is dependent upon getting the right people on the team. Bain focused its recruiting efforts on four major colleges M.B.A. programs, as a way of getting highly qualified individuals, because they have been prepared for precaution consulting (Dyer, Dyer, & Dyer, 2006). Sometimes teams are made up of people who have disparate work ethics, but Bains succes... ...personal development. Virtuoso teams are fundamentally variant from other teams. They are comprised of elite experts, the best in their field and are specially convened for ambitious projects (Boynton, Fischer, 2005). Bain & Company extraordinary teams had a high correlativity between effectiveness of the manager and the performance of the member (Boynton & Fischer, 2005). The performance of teams has been attributed to the aim of team development within the group. ConclusionIn conclusion, when Bain and Company thrust this new construct not only will it raise the break off in terms of team standards for efficient, effective and efficacious operations, but as well create organizational dynamics that foster quality of work feel and business cultures that are vibrant, alive and thriving. Successful teams are supported by a commitment to empower and enhanced rewards.

Faust :: essays papers

Faust This Book has many shady characters, only Gretchen is the one character you can feel execrable for, that is what makes this tragedy so horrifying yet gratifying .Her and Faust running to a greater extent or less makes you happy, but you anticipate them to fall desperately into love with one other and finish their lives indulging with Mephisto. But this pure untainted soul is tricked into difference behind the innocence of her youth and subsiding to the evil one for the holler of riches and a better life. So once again you admit no one to root for, because although you understand Fausts predicament hes getting what he wanted. Next you really begin to scorn Faust because once he has seen and had all that Gretchen has to offer his love becomes an infatuation spurred by his newly found youth. Then who are you left with Gretchen a instantaneously pregnant charlatan desperately hoping her lover who has poisoned her mother and slain her sidekick will come save her from prison, and Mephisto the Devil himself. The entire Gretchen Tragedy is on that point to invoke a feeling of temptation. A sort of What if, really what would you do if a good looking member of the opposite sex who has more money than anyone you have ever heard of approached you describing their love to you like a cheesy Julia Roberts movie. This proves the point that Mephisto made to God in Prologue in enlightenment If only it were grass he could repose in There is no trash he will not poke his nose in.(Prologue In Heaven p. 85). We must keep looking for better things, if Gretchen were to realize what a small price she was paying to sacrifice life on estate for life eternal in heaven. She was without sin until she allowed human nature to push back over. Gretchen upon her entrance into the play is stereotypical of a peasant woman of that cartridge holder she works all day, lives with her parents, and hopes to one day marry above her discipline so her daughter will no t have to endure as she has throughout her life. But, she begins a metamorphosis when she meets Faust. First, she finds jewels that she cant begin to describe, so she gives them to her mother typical of the times.

George Meade :: History

George MeadeDo you know who was the general for the Second skirmish of diddly crusade? Everyone knows what the Second Battle of Bull Run is merely who was the general? round community even know that the North won that battle. Most people do not know that General George Meade turn thumbs downed General lee fightd at that battle. General George Mead accomplished much during wartime. General George Meade had many accomplishments during wartime. graduation exercise of all, he defeated General downwind at the Second Battle of Bull Run. Why would not General Meade crush General Lee at this battle and end the war t here(predicate)? Facts say that laboured fog and rain forced Meade to stop. Likewise, on June 1, 863 a surprise skirmish forced his troops into the Battle of Gettysburg, the greatest battle on American soil. This battle came about when General Lees army needed shoes. The two forces met here on accident and fought to a victory for the North. Lee acknowledged his defeat a nd retreated to Virginia. Not only did Meade serve in the Civil War, but also served in the Mexican War. He served in the battles of Palo Alto, Monterey, and Veracruz. During these he served under(a) General Zachory Taylor. To sum up, General George Meade accomplished many things during his time at war. Each of General George Meades accomplishments had one major effect on how life sentence is today. To start, if Meade had not defeated Lee at the Second Battle of Bull Run the war would not have started off positively for the North. This was fundamental because the soldiers gained their confidence when they won this battle. If the North would have lost the entire war the U.S. would be two different countries. Secondly, Meades defeat of Lee at the inadvertent Gettysburg. This was a battle that turned the war around and gave the North the advantage. This was the Norths firstborn victory in a long time. Finally, if the U.S. had not have won the Mexican War, Where Meade served as a s oldier, the U.S. would not have gained the southwest bunch of the country. This ,as you remember, was where the gold rush took place that caused the country to spread out everyplace the land. As has been shown, Meades accomplishments had many effects on how life is lived today. There be many things that would be different if George Meade had never lived.